“…In this section, firstly, the proposed control structure is explained, and then the proposed algorithm is derived, followed by the stability analysis. At first, the desired position of the end-effector of the PR along the X-Y axis is given and, with the help of inverse kinematics as per (30), the desired θ d 1 and θ d 2 are calculated, which are required for the design of the proposed HSF-based SMC. As per Section 3.2, the proposed SMCs are designed, which can control the actual positions of both motors, i.e., θ 1 and θ 2 , by generating two control inputs u 1 and u 2 , respectively.…”