Robust Antibacterial Activity of Xanthan-Gum-Stabilized and Patterned CeO_2–x–TiO₂ Antifog Films

Abstract

Increased occurrence of antimicrobial resistance leads to a huge burden on patients, the healthcare system, and society worldwide. Developing antimicrobial materials through doping rare-earth elements is a new strategy to overcome this challenge. To this end, we design antibacterial films containing CeO2–x –TiO2, xanthan gum, poly­(acrylic acid), and hyaluronic acid. CeO2–x –TiO2 inks are additionally integrated into a hexagonal grid for prominent transparency. Such design yields not only an antibacterial efficacy of ∼100% toward Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli but also excellent antifog performance for 72 h in a 100% humidity atmosphere. Moreover, FluidFM is employed to understand the interaction in-depth between bacteria and materials. We further reveal that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are crucial for the bactericidal activity of E. coli through fluorescent spectroscopic analysis and SEM imaging. We meanwhile confirm that Ce3+ ions are involved in the stripping phosphate groups, damaging the cell membrane of S. aureus. Therefore, the hexagonal mesh and xanthan-gum cross-linking chains act as a reservoir for ROS and Ce3+ ions, realizing a long-lasting antibacterial function. We hence develop an antibacterial and antifog dual-functional material that has the potential for a broad application in display devices, medical devices, food packaging, and wearable electronics.

Recent advances in prevailing antifogging surfaces: structures, materials, durability, and beyond

“…However, a coating containing TiO 2 combined with a second metal oxide (such as WO 3 , ZnO, SiO 2 , or ZrO 2 ) has been proved to induce the absorption spectrum of TiO 2 to extend from ultraviolet to visible light, enhancing the hydrophilicity of TiO 2 under natural light. [136][137][138][139] In addition, researchers found that Fe 3+ is the best effective ion to induce the absorption spectrum of TiO 2 to extend from ultraviolet to visible light. 34,[140][141][142] With this in mind, Yang and his colleagues 57 prepared a series of Fe 3+ -doped TiO 2 films using the sol-gel method.…”

Specific capture of Pseudomonas aeruginosa for rapid detection of antimicrobial resistance in urinary tract infections

“…TEM analysis was executed through the utilization of a JEOL TEM equipped with an in-column Omega-type energy filter (JEM-2200FS, Joel, Japan) (Wu et al, 2021(Wu et al, , 2022a(Wu et al, , 2022bPan et al, 2016Pan et al, , 2017Pan et al, , 2022aGuo et al, 2022). 5 μL of the sample after a 100-fold dilution was added to a TEM grid (Kung et al, 2018(Kung et al, , 2020Tseng et al, 2020) (Carbon Film Supported Copper Grid, 200 Meshes, Electron Microscopy Sciences, USA) till the solvent was completely evaporated (Yang et al, 2022;Pan et al, 2022b;Yu et al, 2021;Kung et al, 2021).…”

“…One bacterial colony of every bacterial strain from an agar plate was taken and incubated in 10 mL LB in a 50 mL Falcon tube at 160 rpm and 37 • C overnight. 100 μL overnight culture was added into 10 mL fresh LB and subsequently cultivated for approximately 2 h to reach exponential growth (Guo et al, 2022;Hegemann et al, 2022;Milionis et al, 2020).…”

Hybrid-biotaxonomy-like machine learning enables an anticipated surface plasmon resonance of Au/Ag nanoparticles assembled on ZnO nanorods

“…Taxonomy is applied in different systems, e.g., mammalian systems, insect expression systems, bacterial systems, lament fungi, yeasts, and unicellular cells. 15,[46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57] Escherichia coli is therefore extensively used thanks to the fast growth kinetics and low production costs, 58,59 consequently leading to substantial application in protein taxonomy through various plasmid expressions. 59,60 Nowadays, biologists are increasingly applying evolutionary developmental biology to address environmental challenges, food crises, and health care, in which tree-shaped diagrams, namely phylogenetic trees, are oen utilized to understand the evolutionary relationships between the species and populations, and to solve the respective challenges.…”