Robust control of HIV infection by antiretroviral therapy: a super‐twisting sliding mode control approach

Abstract

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome is an epidemic infectious disease which is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and that has proliferated across worldwide. It has been a matter of concern for the scientific community to develop an antiretroviral therapy, which will prompt a rapid decline in viral abundance. With this motivation, this study proposes the design of a robust super twisting sliding mode controller based on output information for an uncertain HIV infection model. The control objective is to decrease the concentration of infected CD4+ T cells to a specified level by drug administration using only the output information of the uncertain HIV infection model which is total CD4+ T cell concentration. The robust output-feedback controller has been developed in combination with a robust exact differentiator, functioning as an observer. The reported analysis demonstrates that the approach proposed here is capable of ensuring robust performance under several operating conditions, measurement and modelling error, parametric uncertainties and external disturbances and the simulation results prove the proficiency of the controller proposed.

Sliding mode controller–observer pair for p53 pathway

“…Recently, systems biology, along with the control theory, have been considered as a great tool for a more precise therapeutic intervention in complex biological networks. Nevertheless, some noteworthy developments have been made in drug delivery of cardiovascular systems [ 22 , 23 ], blood pressure control [ 24 , 25 ], tumour chemotherapy [ 26 ], anaesthesia drug delivery [ 27 ], diabetes control [ 28 ], Parkinson's tremor [ 29 ] and HIV/AIDS control [ 30 , 31 ].…”