Robust date for the Bronze Age Avellino eruption (Somma-Vesuvius): 3945 ± 10 calBP (1995 ± 10 calBC)

The field system of Gricignano d'Aversa (Southern Italy) and the agrarian impact in the Piana Campana, ca. 3900 cal BP

“…The cultural synchronisms of the destroyed sites have been discussed by archaeologists (Vanzetti, 1998;. Passariello et al (2009) andSevink et al (2011) have provided the last, substantially coherent, results.…”

“…The chronology of the PdA eruption has been the subject of an intense debate about the different quality and problems of the dated materials (soils, peat, charcoal, bone, hard water effect), and on their precise stratigraphic association with the event (Vogel et al, 1990;Sevink et al, 2011;Zanchetta et al, 2011). The recent review by Santacroce et al (2008) faces the problem from a volcanological point of view.…”

The major and trace element glass compositions of the productive Mediterranean volcanic sources: tools for correlating distal tephra layers in and around Europe

“…Group 1 includes: the 22 ka Pomici di Base eruption, also known as "Basal", "Pomici Basali" and "Sarno" (Capaldi et al, 1985;Arn o et al, 1987;Landi et al, 1999), and the 19 ka Verdoline eruption, also known as "Greenish Pumice" and "Novelle Seggiari Bosco" (Ayuso et al, 1998;Cioni et al, 2003;Santacroce et al, 2008). The~8.5 ka Mercato and the~3.9 ka Avellino eruptions (Sevink et al, 2011;Zanchetta et al, 2011) form Group 2. The data is summarized in Table 2, and the full glass chemistry dataset is available in supplementary information (S3).…”

Volcanology of the Southwestern sector of Vesuvius volcano, Italy

“…The activity of the SommaVesuvius complex started approximately after the Phlegraean Fields Campanian Ignimbrite super-eruption, 39 years ago (De Vivo et al, 2001), while the last Vesuvius eruption occurred in 1944 (Arnò et al, 1987). During the last 4000 years of activity, Vesuvius experienced several main explosive events: the smallscale Plinian eruption of AD 1631 (Rosi, Principe, & Vecci, 1993), the sub-Plinian AD 472 eruption (Arnò et al, 1987;Rolandi, Munno, & Postiglione, 2004;Rosi & Santacroce, 1983;Sulpizio, Mele, Dellino, & La Volpe, 2005, and the two large Plinian eruptions that occurred at AD 79 (Pompei eruption; Sigurdsson, Carey, Cornell, & Pescatore, 1985) and 1995 ± 10 cal BC (Avellino eruption; Rolandi, Mastrolorenzo, Barrella, & Borrelli, 1993;Sevink et al, 2011;Sulpizio, Cioni, et al, 2010). Mild explosive activity (from Strombolian and violent Strombolian to sub-Plinian) took place during intra-Plinian periods (Andronico & Cioni, 2002;Arrighi, Principe, & Rosi, 2001;Cioni, D'Oriano, Bertagnini, & Andronico, 2013;Di Renzo et al, 2007;D'Oriano, Cioni, Bertagnini, Andronico, & Cole, 2011), and a number of lava flows originated from the central crater ('Gran Cratere') or from fissures opened on the main Vesuvius cone ('Gran Cono') .…”

“…The Avellino (1995±10 BC; Sevink et al, 2011) Plinian eruption deposits extensively outcrop at the base of the reconstructed stratigraphic sequence. The boundary between the Proto-Vesuvius Synthem and the Prehistoric-Vesuvius Synthem is defined by the Avellino eruption-related caldera collapse (following Cioni et al, 1999;Sulpizio, Cioni, et al, 2010) or sector collapse (in the view of Milia, Raspini, & Torrente, 2007Rolandi et al, 2004), and the tuff-ring morphology formed in the last phase of this eruption (Cioni et al, 1999).…”