Robust Evolutionary-Game-Based Routing for Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks

Habib, Arafat; Moh, Sangman

doi:10.3390/s19163544

Cited by 16 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Energy consumption includes four parts: 1 Idle energy consumption: Nodes in the idle state consume little energy and can be ignored. 2 Transmission energy consumption: Sending energy consumption accounts for the main part of energy consumption, which is related to the number of bytes sent. 3 Receiving energy consumption: It is related to the number of bytes received.…”

Section: Energy Consumption Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on each hop delay and application specified delay, the required initial hops are calculated. 2 Generate multipath routing, calculate the length of each path, divide the length by hops, and get the distance of each hop. 3 In the process of data transmission, the distance per hop can be continuously modified according to the residual delay and the length of the remaining path.…”

Section: Design Of Multimedia Independent Multipath Routing Algorithmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 When the source node does not want to send any more data, it sends a DATA_CANCEL message to the sink node. 2 When the sink node receives it, it is removed from the source node queue. The weight and allocation angle of each source node are recalculated, and RACK packets are sent to all source nodes.…”

Section: Source Cancels the Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Resource-constrained wireless sensor nodes are prone to congestion in high-load applications, which significantly affects network performance [1][2][3]. In order to solve this problem, researchers have adopted more network resources to improve network capacity and adopted the method of multi-path average network traffic to support the bandwidth requirements of different applications to solve the problem of network congestion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multimedia Independent Multipath Routing Algorithms for Internet of Things Based on a Node Hidden Communication Model

Jian-hui

2019

Future Internet

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In order to achieve a multi-path routing algorithm with time delay and energy consumption balance to alleviate the energy holes around a sink, a multimedia independent multipath routing algorithm for internet of things (IoT) based on node hidden communication model is proposed in this paper. On the premise of satisfying the application delay, a multi-source multi-path routing algorithm is proposed by using the idea of software definition and fitting multiple curves to form independent multi-path routing. Through a sink node centralized programming control source node routing, according to the priority of the source node, the dynamic angle of the source node can be allocated, which effectively reduces the energy consumption of the network. In addition, considering that the Internet of Things has more perceptive nodes, limited computing and storage capacity, frequent joining and exiting operations and other factors, a hidden communication model of nodes is designed for the IoT. It is helpful to improve the level of privacy protection in the IoT, and to effectively improve the ability of nodes to resist attacks in the IoT. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm avoids the interference between paths and various network attacks to the greatest extent, and the energy consumption is relatively low under the requirement of quality of service (QoS) delay.

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Section: Energy Consumption Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Design Of Multimedia Independent Multipath Routing Algorithmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Source Cancels the Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multimedia Independent Multipath Routing Algorithms for Internet of Things Based on a Node Hidden Communication Model

Jian-hui

2019

Future Internet

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“…The end-to-end delay t k k of a primary route k k increases with the number of hops [44], and it must be less than a threshold t k k < α, where α = 10 ms is imposed by the IEEE 802.15.4 standard [14,45]. The secondary route is selected if the threshold is not fulfilled.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Distributed Testbed for 5G Scenarios: An Experimental Study

Chamran

Yau

Noor

et al. 2019

Sensors

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This paper demonstrates the use of Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP), together with Raspberry Pi3 B+ (RP3) as the brain (or the decision making engine), to develop a distributed wireless network in which nodes can communicate with other nodes independently and make decision autonomously. In other words, each USRP node (i.e., sensor) is embedded with separate processing units (i.e., RP3), which has not been investigated in the literature, so that each node can make independent decisions in a distributed manner. The proposed testbed in this paper is compared with the traditional distributed testbed, which has been widely used in the literature. In the traditional distributed testbed, there is a single processing unit (i.e., a personal computer) that makes decisions in a centralized manner, and each node (i.e., USRP) is connected to the processing unit via a switch. The single processing unit exchanges control messages with nodes via the switch, while the nodes exchange data packets among themselves using a wireless medium in a distributed manner. The main disadvantage of the traditional testbed is that, despite the network being distributed in nature, decisions are made in a centralized manner. Hence, the response delay of the control message exchange is always neglected. The use of such testbed is mainly due to the limited hardware and monetary cost to acquire a separate processing unit for each node. The experiment in our testbed has shown the increase of end-to-end delay and decrease of packet delivery ratio due to software and hardware delays. The observed multihop transmission is performed using device-to-device (D2D) communication, which has been enabled in 5G. Therefore, nodes can either communicate with other nodes via: (a) a direct communication with the base station at the macrocell, which helps to improve network performance; or (b) D2D that improve spectrum efficiency, whereby traffic is offloaded from macrocell to small cells. Our testbed is the first of its kind in this scale, and it uses RP3 as the distributed decision-making engine incorporated into the USRP/GNU radio platform. This work provides an insight to the development of a 5G network.Sensors 2020, 20, 18 2 of 23 either as a licensed user (or a primary user, PU) to utilize its licensed channels (or cellular channels), or as an unlicensed user (or a secondary user, SU) to explore and utilize white spaces, which are the underutilized licensed channels (or cognitive channels) [4]. D2D enables nodes to access both cellular and cognitive channels to improve spectrum efficiency in order to improve data transmission rate and quality of service (QoS) [5-7]. Our ContributionsAt present, the majority of the research related to 5G presents theoretical analysis [8][9][10][11][12] and simulation studies [11][12][13][14][15][16]. In general, various theoretical state of the art and open issues are presented in [8], the effects of ultra-densification are investigated in [9], various network architectures, medium access mechanisms, and open issues a...

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Energy aware optimal routing model for wireless multimedia sensor networks using modified Voronoi assisted prioritized double deep Q‐learning

Suseela,

Krithiga,

Revathi

et al. 2023

Concurrency and Computation

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SummaryThe energy hole problem is critical in Wireless Multimedia Sensor Network (WMSN), wherein the nodes closer to the sink node will expire sooner than the outer sub‐regions. Because they transmit their packet and forward the outer sub‐regions packet to the sink. Hence, a hole arises near the sink node after a very short time. Thus, an energy‐aware optimal routing model is introduced in this research using Modified Voronoi‐assisted prioritized double deep Q‐learning (PDDQL). Initially, the sensor nodes are deployed using the Voronoi cell structure that splits the entire region of interest into different Voronoi polygons. However, the Voronoi diagram will not always predict an efficient route because of the nodes at a Voronoi edge or vertex outside the transmission range. To tackle this issue, a new Voronoi diagram is proposed that depends on the maximum horizontal transmission range to remove the portion of Voronoi edges uncovered by the sensor node. After the deployment, a PDDQL algorithm is used to select the Relay Nodes based on their remaining energy. The proposed PDDQL determines an alternate route to transmit the packet if an energy hole problem has occurred in WMSN. The analysis of a proposed routing protocol based on the assessment measures like packet delivery ratio, average residual energy, number of alive nodes, and average end‐to‐end delay accomplished the value of 198.33 (ms), 2.05 (J), 100, and 0.85, respectively.

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Robust Evolutionary-Game-Based Routing for Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks

Cited by 16 publications

References 31 publications

Multimedia Independent Multipath Routing Algorithms for Internet of Things Based on a Node Hidden Communication Model

Multimedia Independent Multipath Routing Algorithms for Internet of Things Based on a Node Hidden Communication Model

A Distributed Testbed for 5G Scenarios: An Experimental Study

Energy aware optimal routing model for wireless multimedia sensor networks using modified Voronoi assisted prioritized double deep Q‐learning

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