“…With the ongoing development of the industrial technology, 1‐4 engineering systems, the safety‐critical systems, are required to operate more and more accurately, because any fault especially intermittent fault (IF) in sensors, actuators, or processes may result in system breakdown, economic loss, system performance degradation, and even disastrous situations 5‐9 . Thus, fault diagnosis (FD) plays an increasingly important role 10,11 . It is worth pointing out that fault estimation (FE) method is one of the most common and essential FD methods 12 .…”