“…Example Consider a single‐link robot arm model cited from the works of Wang et al and Wu and Cai, and the dynamic equation is described by where p ( t ), u ( t ), and w ( t ) are the angle position of the arm, control input, and the external disturbance, respectively. Parameters , and D are the mass of payload, the acceleration of gravity, the length of the arm, the moment of inertia, and the uncertain coefficient of viscous friction, respectively.…”