Robust free space board-to-board optical interconnect with closed loop MEMS tracking

Chou, Jeffrey B.; Yu, Kyoungsik; Horsley, David A.; Yoxall, B.; Mathai, S.; Tan, Michael; Wang, Shih-Yuan; Wu, Ming C.

doi:10.1007/s00339-009-5126-1

Cited by 20 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Steering of beams carrying Gb of data has been done over distances of 30 cm using MEMS lenses instead of mirrors [5][6]. In that instance, the steering feedback loop utilized a position sensitive detector which sensed the beam from a beam splitter which was precisely aligned with the target detector.…”

Section: Optical Steeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of low mass optical readout for high data bandwidth systems

Underwood

Delurgio

Drake

et al. 2010

IEEE Nuclear Science Symposuim &Amp; Medical Imaging Conference

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At Argonne National Laboratory the High Energy Physics and Center for Nanoscale Materials Divisions are working on a project to develop a new generation of detector readout using high speed data transfer optical devices that can be implemented in particle physics or for long distances. Freespace communications devices offer the potential for reductions in mass, power, and cost of data paths for on-board trigger and readout of tracking detectors. The project involves three areas of study: light modulation, the design and construction of MEMS optical devices, and the control systems for maintaining precise laser light positioning. We demonstrate an optical link in air over one meter and with low error rate at 1 Gb/s. We demonstrate steering of an optical beam over a meter with a precision of 5 micrometers utilizing a MEMS mirror and reflected light in the feedback loop. For early testing, light modulation tests with a fiber link using Li-Niobate modulators and a data generation and error checking chip are done at 1Gb/s. Many companies and universities are developing modulators which will be incorporated into CMOS chips. We are doing radiation hardness studies for one of the materials involved. Laser light will need to be steered on to and kept centered on the detector in the presence of thermal or mechanical motion, etc. This steering will be controlled by MEMS mirrors. Polycrystalline and crystalline silicon based mirror designs are being studied. We review the current status of the project and outline plans for the future development of the system.

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Section: Optical Steeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of low mass optical readout for high data bandwidth systems

Underwood

Delurgio

Drake

et al. 2010

IEEE Nuclear Science Symposuim &Amp; Medical Imaging Conference

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“…Optical beam steering is important for engineered light projection in numerous applications including displays 1 , 2 , microscopy 3 – 6 light detection and ranging (LiDAR) 7 , 8 , communications 9 , 10 , and ion/atom manipulation in quantum processors 11 – 13 Most commonly, beam scanning is implemented with discrete components, such as galvo-scanners, micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) mirrors, or acousto-optic deflectors 14 . In recent years, the demand to reduce the size of beam scanners into microchips for easier integration into products has motivated rapid advances in optical phased arrays (OPAs) and focal plane switch arrays (FPSAs) using silicon (Si) photonic integrated circuit (PIC) technology 15 – 17 FPSAs illuminate discrete points, while OPAs offer continuous angular coverage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microcantilever-integrated photonic circuits for broadband laser beam scanning

et al. 2023

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Laser beam scanning is central to many applications, including displays, microscopy, three-dimensional mapping, and quantum information. Reducing the scanners to microchip form factors has spurred the development of very-large-scale photonic integrated circuits of optical phased arrays and focal plane switched arrays. An outstanding challenge remains to simultaneously achieve a compact footprint, broad wavelength operation, and low power consumption. Here, we introduce a laser beam scanner that meets these requirements. Using microcantilevers embedded with silicon nitride nanophotonic circuitry, we demonstrate broadband, one- and two-dimensional steering of light with wavelengths from 410 nm to 700 nm. The microcantilevers have ultracompact ~0.1 mm2 areas, consume ~31 to 46 mW of power, are simple to control, and emit a single light beam. The microcantilevers are monolithically integrated in an active photonic platform on 200-mm silicon wafers. The microcantilever-integrated photonic circuits miniaturize and simplify light projectors to enable versatile, power-efficient, and broadband laser scanner microchips.

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“…Parallel data transmission through optical means between boards has been demonstrated with complex packaging involving discrete micro and macro lenses and stage-alignment tools [19,20]. Free-space optical interconnects between VCSELs and PDs placed on separate boards have been demonstrated in which fixed integrated micro-lens arrays [21,22] or MEMS controlled lens arrays were used to lower optical loss by reducing the beam divergence [23][24][25][26][27]. In this paper, intra-board and inter-board optical interconnects are demonstrated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-cost board-to-board optical interconnects using molded polymer waveguide with 45 degree mirrors and inkjet-printed micro-lenses as proximity vertical coupler

Lin¹,

Hosseini²,

Dou³

et al. 2013

Opt. Express

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We demonstrate intra- and inter-board level optical interconnects using polymer waveguides and waveguide couplers consisting of both 45 degree total internal reflection (TIR) mirrors and inkjet-printed micro-lenses. Surface normal couplers consisting of 50 µm × 50 µm waveguides with embedded 45 degree mirrors are fabricated using a nickel mold imprint. Micro-lenses, 70 µm in diameter, are inkjet-printed on top of the mirrors. We characterize the optical transmission between waveguides located on different boards in terms of insertion loss, mirror coupling loss, and free space propagation loss as a function of interconnection distance in free space. Each mirror contributes 1.88 dB loss to the system, corresponding to 65% efficiency. The printed micro-lenses improve the transmission by 2-4 dB (per coupler). Data transmission at 10 Gbps reveals that inter-board interconnects has a bit error rate (BER) of 1.1 × 10(-10) and 6.2 × 10(-13) without and with the micro-lenses, respectively.

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Robust free space board-to-board optical interconnect with closed loop MEMS tracking

Cited by 20 publications

References 28 publications

Development of low mass optical readout for high data bandwidth systems

Development of low mass optical readout for high data bandwidth systems

Microcantilever-integrated photonic circuits for broadband laser beam scanning

Low-cost board-to-board optical interconnects using molded polymer waveguide with 45 degree mirrors and inkjet-printed micro-lenses as proximity vertical coupler

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