Robust linear parameter-varying control of blood pressure using vasoactive drugs

Abstract

Resuscitation of emergency care patients requires fast restoration of blood pressure to a target value to achieve hemodynamic stability and vital organ perfusion. A robust control design methodology is presented in this paper for regulating blood pressure of hypotensive patients by means of closed-loop administration of vasoactive drugs. To this end, a dynamic first-order delay model is utilized to describe the vasoactive drug response with varying parameters that represent intra-patient and inter-patient variability. The proposed framework consists of two components: firstly, an on-line model parameter estimation is carried out using a multiple-model extended Kalman-filter. Secondly, the estimated model parameters are used for continuously scheduling a robust linear parameter varying (LPV) controller. The closed-loop behavior is characterized by parameter-varying dynamic weights designed to regulate the mean arterial pressure to a target value. Experimental data of blood pressure response of anesthetized pigs to phenylephrine injection are used for validating the LPV blood pressure models. Simulation studies are provided to validate the on-line model estimation and the LPV blood pressure control using phenylephrine drug injection models representing patients showing sensitive, nominal and insensitive response to the drug.

Delay-Dependent Output-Feedback Control for Blood Pressure Regulation Using LPV Techniques

“…To evaluate the performance of the proposed LPV gainscheduling output-feedback control design, collected animal experiment data is used to build a patient's non-linear MAP response model based on (1) where the instantaneous values of the model parameters K, T , and τ are generated as follows [17].…”

“…Accordingly, an LPV output-feedback controller is designed to track a desired MAP reference and minimize the effect of disturbances. For control validation purposes, collected animal experiment data and a non-linear patient simulation model are utilized to capture the varying physiological characteristics of a patient's MAP response [17]. The proposed approach is evaluated in computer simulations and compared to the results of a conventional fixed gain proportional integral (PI) controller which has been validated experimentally (see [20]).…”

Credibility Evidence for Computational Patient Models Used in the Development of Physiological Closed-Loop Controlled Devices for Critical Care Medicine

“…The model was used to design and investigate a controller under various simulated scenarios before testing the controller in swine experiments (Wassar et al, 2014). Luspay and Grigoriadis (2015) designed a Kalman filter to track time-varying parameters for continuous scheduling of a robust linear parameter-varying controller. A non-linear CPM was developed to test the controller during scenarios where patients could be sensitive, nominal, or insensitive to phenylephrine.…”

“…A non-linear CPM was developed to test the controller during scenarios where patients could be sensitive, nominal, or insensitive to phenylephrine. This was done by drawing values for each parameter from pre-defined probability distributions (Luspay and Grigoriadis, 2015).…”

Design of a switched robust control scheme for drug delivery in blood pressure regulation

“…Recently, Luspay and Grigoriadis (2015) introduced the concept of LPV control for regulation of postsurgical hypertension. They used a Multiple Model Extended Kalman Filter (MMEKF) algorithm for online estimation of blood pressure response model parameters and a LPV control algorithm for the regulation of blood pressure.…”