$EVWUDFW This paper addresses the control of a heat exchanger placed in a solar water heating system and influenced by external disturbances at plant output. Heat exchangers play an essential role in industries that use renewable sources for energy generation and water heating, i.e. geothermal, solar, ocean, etc. One of the main control targets of such systems is to achieve a simultaneous and accurate control of some temperatures. A multivariable (MIMO) model of the heat exchanger of a solar plant, and a robust controller able to govern the system despite the external disturbances and loop interactions are developed in this work. The MIMO methodology for the non-diagonal controller design is based on the Quantitative Feedback Theory (QFT).
.H\ ZRUGVMultivariable control, QFT control, solar systems, heat exchanger, power plants, disturbance rejection.
,QWURGXFWLRQIn a society with increasing energy demand and decreasing supplies it is necessary to develop the potential renewable resources. For this reason and thanks to the significant scientific and technological developments occurred in the last few decades, new renewables, e.g. solar, bioenergy, geothermal and wind, are emerging and are being the target of a great deal of researches. As a consequence, thermal and power generation industries sustained with these alternative sources of energy are becoming very important lately.On the other hand, heat exchangers play an essential role in a wide range of applications in this kind of industries. From geothermal plants to OTEC systems or solar heaters, heat exchangers perform key duties in electricity production or domestic heating by evaporating or condensing working fluids. Due to the importance of these devices, an accurate control of the output temperatures is essential to work at full capacity and to meet the industrial requirements.Heat exchangers can be considered as multivariable systems because the aim is to control more than one output temperature by manipulating several variables. Due to this multivariable condition and the presence of external disturbances and model uncertainties, a robust methodology based on Quantitative Feedback Theory is proposed in here to improve reliability and control performance in terms of disturbance rejection.The paper addresses the problem of external disturbance rejection at plant output in a solar water heating system described by a 2x2 transfer matrix [1]. The desired specifications of the closed loop system (disturbance rejection and robust stability) must be achieved despite the severe coupling and the large parametric uncertainty of the process. The remainder of this paper is organized as follows. Next section presents the mathematical model of the heat application, followed by the required design specifications. Third section intends to review briefly those principles of the QFT methodology that are considered particularly useful. The following section goes into detail on the procedure to design a nondiagonal controller for external disturbance rejection. This section ...