Robust Operation of Hybrid Solar–Wind Power Plant with Battery Energy Storage System

Abstract

The intraday continuous electricity market (ICM) is a potential target market for the Dispatchable Hybrid Renewable solar–wind–battery energy storage system (BESS) power plant (DHRB). However, the uncertainty of the electricity price jeopardizes economic justification of BESS operation, an essential component of DHRB. Using the duality theory, this paper proposes a unilevel mixed-integer linear programming rolling-approach-based robust optimal scheduling tool for DHRB that keeps BESS operation optimal should the worst price scenario occur. It reflects BESS’s degradation as penalty factors and also integrates a BESS degradation model in the scheduling tool for better assessment of the available resources through the BESS’s lifetime. This tool aids the DHRB operator to decide the power offer to the ICM in such a way that the BESS’s operation remains optimal. A case study is carried out to demonstrate the application of the proposed tool. Both the long-term and short-term losses/benefits of utilizing this tool for scheduling DHRB in the ICM are investigated at various uncertainty levels. It is shown that there will be a risk of loss of income for the DHRB in the short-term due to increased nondispatchable energy. However, by limiting the use of BESS to only those settlement periods that are either certainly profitable or unavoidable, the lifetime of BESS can potentially be extended. Hence, this can result in more income by the DHRB power plant in the long-term.

A Novel Statistical Framework for Optimal Sizing of Grid-Connected Photovoltaic–Battery Systems for Peak Demand Reduction to Flatten Daily Load Profiles

“…They are particularly useful when data are insufficient, or when probability distributions are either unknown or fitting them is statistically insignificant [26]. Robust optimization is a new method in PV-battery optimization that constructs solutions to perform effectively within a range of uncertainty, defined by intervals, ensuring consistency and resilience against variations in input data and model parameters [27]. In [28], a two-stage robust optimization model was presented for optimal sizing of PV systems with battery units.…”

From Wind to Hybrid: A Contribution to the Optimal Design of Utility-Scale Hybrid Power Plants

“…The studies using market-based revenues to address optimal sizing decisions have focused mainly on adding storage systems to existing renewable power plants, with the premise that a battery system would enable better management of the production profile, thus yielding increased profits [25]. Małkowski et al [26] proposed a methodology to study the technical and economic viability of operating a hybrid photovoltaic-battery energy storage system.…”

Sizing Energy Storage Systems to Dispatch Wind Power Plants

“…Refs. [15,16] addressed the size and lifetime problems of ESSs by assuming that the dispatched command is the average wind power. However, this way, the intermittent feature of wind power has not been really dealt with.…”