Robust Response of Terrestrial Plants to Rising CO2

Cernusak, Lucas A.; Haverd, Vanessa; Brendel, Oliver; Thiec, Didier Le; Guehl, J. M.; Cuntz, Matthias

doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2019.04.003

Cited by 64 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 65 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…As noted in the methods section, the FATES model we use here does not explicitly represent nutrient limitation, thus we directly im- The actual expected magnitude of tropical forest responses to elevated CO 2 is highly uncertain and little experimental data exists, particularly at the ecosystem scale (Lloyd & Farquhar, 2008;Hickler et al, 2008;Mahowald et al, 2016;Cusack et al, 2016;Norby et al, 2016;Fleischer et al, 2019;Holm et al, 2020). However, our control simulation response to elevated CO 2 shows reasonable agreement with observations from temperate forest FACE experiments (De Kauwe et al, 2013 if one assumes a linear scaling with increasing CO 2 (Cernusak et al, 2019). For example, a +200ppm CO 2 increase at Duke Forest enhanced net primary productivity by approximately 30% (De Kauwe et al, 2013), which when scaled to +400pm results in a +60% increase in net primary productivity (we find +74.2%, in the absence of N limitation).…”

Section: Elevated Co 2 Response In the Control Simulationsupporting

confidence: 84%

Leaf trait plasticity alters competitive ability and functioning of simulated tropical trees in response to elevated carbon dioxide

Swann¹,

Kovenock²,

Koven³

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Section: Elevated Co 2 Response In the Control Simulationsupporting

confidence: 84%

Leaf trait plasticity alters competitive ability and functioning of simulated tropical trees in response to elevated carbon dioxide

Swann¹,

Kovenock²,

Koven³

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Fossil fuel emissions not only alter the climate, but the emitted CO 2 also fertilizes plants. This increases trees' water-use efficiency, reducing their water demand, but it also increases biomass production 60 . The effects of this CO 2 fertilization on the water cycle might be small 61 , but its net effects on tropical forest hysteresis remains uncertain.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hysteresis of tropical forests in the 21st century

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Tropical forests modify the conditions they depend on through feedbacks at different spatial scales. These feedbacks shape the hysteresis (history-dependence) of tropical forests, thus controlling their resilience to deforestation and response to climate change. Here, we determine the emergent hysteresis from local-scale tipping points and regional-scale forest-rainfall feedbacks across the tropics under the recent climate and a severe climate-change scenario. By integrating remote sensing, a global hydrological model, and detailed atmospheric moisture tracking simulations, we find that forest-rainfall feedback expands the geographic range of possible forest distributions, especially in the Amazon. The Amazon forest could partially recover from complete deforestation, but may lose that resilience later this century. The Congo forest currently lacks resilience, but is predicted to gain it under climate change, whereas forests in Australasia are resilient under both current and future climates. Our results show how tropical forests shape their own distributions and create the climatic conditions that enable them.

show abstract

“…Water stress modifies WUE and iWUE, but they do not necessarily covary in parallel if there is downregulation of traits like the leaf to sapwood area ratio (Cernusak et al., 2013; Lavergne et al., 2019; Williams et al 2004). The global increase in 13 C discrimination (Keeling et al., 2017) and positive time trend in iWUE in forests (Battipaglia et al., 2013; Cernusak et al., 2019; Saurer et al., 2014) have been explained by the regulation of stomatal conductance to allow leaf CO 2 partial pressure (C i ) to increase in nearly constant proportion to rising atmospheric CO 2 (C a ; Frank et al., 2015; Keeling et al., 2017; Saurer, Siegwolf, & Schweingruber, 2004). Increasing C a , largely responsible for climate change, could benefit plant performance by offsetting the negative effect of water stress via increased WUE (Cernusak et al., 2019; Keeling et al., 2017; Niinemets, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrasting species decline but high sensitivity to increasing water stress on a mixed pine–oak ecotone

Gea‐Izquierdo¹,

Aranda²,

Cañellas³

et al. 2020

Journal of Ecology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Forest decline under environmental stress is expressed by regeneration failure and accelerated mortality in all ontogenic stages at the population level. Characterizing functional traits and mechanisms that best capture species decline and mortality is essential to assess forest dynamics. We analysed sensitivity to increasing water stress in two species with different water‐use strategies on a mixed Quercus pyrenaica–Pinus sylvestris forest where adult pines express vulnerability to climate change but oaks do not. We compared the dynamics of radial growth, wood δ13C and sapwood non‐structural carbohydrates (NSCs) in response to drought at different time‐scales in both species and two age cohorts in pine. Both species were very sensitive to water stress, which influenced trait phenotypic plasticity at short‐ and long time‐scales. Water‐use strategy in pines of both ages was more conservative than in the more drought‐tolerant oak. Both species showed negative growth trends despite increasing intrinsic water‐use efficiency. Recent growth of pines is slower than it was in the past. Carbon isotope discrimination trends in young pines suggested increasing leaf gas exchange constraints. NSCs were far from depletion in both species and all pine ages. Intra‐ and inter‐annual NSC variability was higher in oaks than in pines and in soluble sugars (SS) than in starch. SS were lowest in young pines. Sensitivity of NSCs to contrasting climatic years was low in pines, and NSC levels mostly remained homeostatic for this species. The sensitivity to climate expressed suggests different C allocation strategies, with less coupling between radial growth and current‐year photosynthesis in young pines. Synthesis. Pines expressed negative responses to increased water stress regardless of age, showing rising gas exchange constraints through tighter stomatal control of water losses than oaks. Young pines showed similar functional responses to water stress than old pines in decline, which suggests species‐level vulnerability and could be regarded as early warning signals anticipating mortality in pines. Yet, given the high sensitivity to drought also expressed by the non‐declining oak, it would have been difficult to unequivocally disentangle species decline based only on the functional traits analysed.

show abstract

Robust Response of Terrestrial Plants to Rising CO2

Cited by 64 publications

References 65 publications

Leaf trait plasticity alters competitive ability and functioning of simulated tropical trees in response to elevated carbon dioxide

Leaf trait plasticity alters competitive ability and functioning of simulated tropical trees in response to elevated carbon dioxide

Hysteresis of tropical forests in the 21st century

Contrasting species decline but high sensitivity to increasing water stress on a mixed pine–oak ecotone

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About