Robust turbulent flow simulations using a Reynolds-stress-transport model on unstructured grids

Turbulence modeling and simulation advances in CFD during the past 50 years

“…Among the advanced methods developed for the Navier-Stokes equations [196][197][198][199][200][201][202][203][204], various specific techniques have been adapted. In all methodologies including transport equations of the turbulent stresses, a special numerical treatment is necessary because of the mathematical complexity of solving these equations, which are strongly coupled leading to a lack of robustness of the numerical scheme, both in cases of structured meshes [205][206][207] and unstructured meshes [208,209]. The use of spectral numerical methods (not to be confused with spectral closures) known for their high precision [199,200] is useful for DNS in relatively simple geometries, but their extensions to more complex models and geometries is difficult.…”