Robustness and spatial multiplexing via diffractal architectures

Moocarme, Matthew; Vuong, Luat T.

doi:10.1364/oe.23.028471

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The aperture-selected fields are reconstructed by a second, Fourier transform lens. 18 What is powerful about diffractal propagation is that the central portion of the diffractal is not needed to reconstruct a kernel code and that the original pattern is mostly reconstructed optically.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical demultiplexing with fractal-structured beams in turbulent atmospheric environments

Weng,

Vuong

2023

Environmental Effects on Light Propagation and Adaptive Systems VI

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When information is spatially repeated in self-similar fractal beam patterns, only a portion of the diffracted beam is needed to reconstruct the kernel data. What is unique to a fractal-encoding scheme is that the image demultiplexing process can be, to a first approximation, easily performed optically. In prior work, we experimentally and numerically study fractal-encoded optical beams and their mid- and far-field propagation without added turbulence. Here, we present preliminary simulations of fractal-encoded beams with high turbulence (C2n≥ 10−14 m−2/3 ) where we achieve respectable bit error rates of 10−3 . These results are impressive given that: data with low fractal orders is shown, simple threshold-algorithms are used (i.e., no machine learning), and only a third of the beam, off-axis, is needed. More robust channel encoding is associated with increased fractal orders, larger collection areas, and higher kernel singular value decomposition entropy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical demultiplexing with fractal-structured beams in turbulent atmospheric environments

Weng,

Vuong

2023

Environmental Effects on Light Propagation and Adaptive Systems VI

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“…The unique property of diffractal redundancy enables misaligned or non-coaxial roaming transceiver 30,31 . The proposed DSDM system involves: multiplexing (where the transmitted data is a fractal from kernel data), diffraction encoding (when the beam propagates to the receiver), and demultiplexing (which is hybrid system, composed of an optical receiver and a software reconstruction) [Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1]. The most closely-related work related to DSDM in FSO is by M. Moocarme et al, where diffractal multiplexing is demonstrated with a 4-F lens system using on/off keying (OOK) 30 . In the focal plane or far field, a portion of the Fourier transform of the transmitted fractal pattern contains sufficient information to recreate the entire original (sparse) signal 32,33 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fractal, Diffraction-encoded Space-Division Multiplexing for FSO with Misalignment-Robust, Roaming Transceivers

Weng

Vuong

2021

Preprint

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With free space optical (FSO) communication systems, information is generally transmitted to minimize diffraction. Here, we demonstrate an alternate paradigm, "diffractal space-division multiplexing" (DSDM), in which the diffraction of fractals enable a wider cone for reception to support roaming transceiver. As a result, DSDM is robust to misalignment over longer-distance links. We examine the consequence of mid-field, non-far-field propagation and the result on kernel bit error rates. The sparse and redundant encoding of information in DSDM may be relevant to other FSO acquisition, pointing, and tracking.

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“…1. The unique properties of diffractal redundancy enable the simultaneous transmission of multiple independent bit streams; 36,37 in the far field, arbitrary parts of a diffractal contain sufficient information to recreate the entire original (sparse) signal. 38,39 Transmitted beams with higher fractal orders achieve higher reconstruction accuracy [see right column of Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1]; in prior work, this result has been demonstrated experimentally with a 4-F system. 36 Since DSDM does not rely on wavelength or polarization, it could be used with WDM and PDM techniques to further improve system capacity. Additionally, DSDM may be used to improve data transmission capacity in adverse environments in a manner analogous to other FSO techniques in which different parts of a signal are referenced to reduce receiver error.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fractal, Diffraction-encoded Space-Division Multiplexing for Free Space Optical Communication

Weng¹,

Vuong²

2021

Preprint

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With free space optical (FSO) systems, information is generally transmitted to minimize diffraction. Here, we demonstrate an alternate paradigm in which multiple spatial bit streams are diffraction-encoded, an approach that enables a wider cone for reception and is especially robust to noise. We leverage the fact that diffracted fractal patterns or diffractals redundantly encode information over large areas as they propagate to the far field. This scheme enables a roving receiver to capture multiple spatial bits simultaneously when sampling a portion of the far-field beam. Our numerical FSO studies with and without atmospheric turbulence are a basis for new design considerations governing roaming area, beam divergence, and proper diffraction encoding. Concepts related to the sparse complexity of fractal, diffracted patterns show promise for diffractal space division multiplexing and may also be applied to channel marking, sensing, imaging, and other FSO systems.

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Robustness and spatial multiplexing via diffractal architectures

Cited by 11 publications

References 18 publications

Optical demultiplexing with fractal-structured beams in turbulent atmospheric environments

Optical demultiplexing with fractal-structured beams in turbulent atmospheric environments

Fractal, Diffraction-encoded Space-Division Multiplexing for FSO with Misalignment-Robust, Roaming Transceivers

Fractal, Diffraction-encoded Space-Division Multiplexing for Free Space Optical Communication

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