Rock Glacier Formation by High-Magnitude Low-Frequency Slope Processes in the Southwest Yukon

Johnson, Peter G.

doi:10.1111/j.1467-8306.1984.tb01463.x

Cited by 51 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Rock glaciers are a physical response to glacial, periglacial, and talus processes (Johnson, 1984;Shakesby et al, 1987;Humlum, 2000;Janke, 2005;Johnson et al, 2007;Frauenfelder et al, 2008). The pioneering work of Wahrhaftig and Cox (1959) and Liestøl (1962) led to the idea that rock glaciers form by permafrost processes to create a frozen mixture of rock debris and ice within talus or morainal debris.…”

Section: The Formation Of a Rock Glaciermentioning

confidence: 98%

Development of tongue-shaped and multilobate rock glaciers in alpine environments – Interpretations from ground penetrating radar surveys

Degenhardt

2009

Geomorphology

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Section: The Formation Of a Rock Glaciermentioning

confidence: 98%

Development of tongue-shaped and multilobate rock glaciers in alpine environments – Interpretations from ground penetrating radar surveys

Degenhardt

2009

Geomorphology

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“…Rock glaciers are a physical response to three types of geomorphic processes: (1) glacial, (2) periglacial (Johnson 1984), and (3) talus (Shakesby et al 1987). The pioneering work of Wahrhaftig and Cox (1959) suggested that rock glaciers were formed by permafrost processes creating a frozen mixture of rock debris and ice within talus or moraine materials.…”

Section: Formation Of Rock Glaciersmentioning

confidence: 99%

GPR survey of a lobate rock glacier in Yankee Boy Basin, Colorado, USA

Degenhardt

Giardino²,

Junck

2003

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The internal structure of a lobate rock glacier located in the San Juan Mountains of southwest Colorado was investigated using ground penetrating radar (GPR). A 440 m, 25 MHz longitudinal profile oriented along the central axis of the rock glacier shows moderate to strongly coherent reflection horizons or layers that can be recognized clearly to a depth of 30-35 m. The layers are interpreted as representing ice-supersaturated sediments and coarse, blocky rockslide debris that are the result of flow, perhaps generated by seasonal snow pack covered by episodic debris flows or high-magnitude discharges of talus from the cirque headwall. Profiles collected at 50 MHz indicate that, in the upper 20 m thickness of the rock glacier, many of these layers are laterally continuous, The total depth of penetration (-40 m at 25 MHz) was sufficient to detect the rock glacier-cirque-floor contact, which is composed of underlying moraine. Several prominent reflection events that subdivide the profile into broad 10-15 m-thick layers represent contacts between major depositional units. These units are believed to be individual flow lobes that were initiated at various cirque-headwall locations. We interpret this rock glacier to be a composite feature that formed by a process involving the development and subsequent overlap of discrete flow lobes that have over-ridden older glacial moraine and protalus rampart materials. The latter materials have been incorporated into the present flow structure of the rock glacier.

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“…Humlum, 1988Humlum, , 1996 and rock avalanches (e.g. Johnson, 1984). Landforms regarded as active rock glaciers consist of a coarse debris layer, covering ice supersaturated debris or pure ice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%