Rock musicians in Germany and ideas for their promotion

Abstract

In the field of scientific research on popular music there are a number of studies of the reception of rock music and various sociological analyses of the music industry, but there are few studies of rock musicians themselves. The empirical musician studies that do exist tend to use qualitative data analysis and to pursue limited research interests. There is thus work on the formation of rock bands (Jones and Harvey 1980; Schäffer 1996), on cover bands (Groce 1989), on group processes and structures (Groce and Dowell 1988; Tennstedt 1979), on female musicians (Groce and Cooper 1990) and on amateur musicians (Clemens 1983). Studies with standardised questionnaire and quantitative data analysis are rarer (but see Wills and Cooper 1988; and in Germany, Dollase, Rüsenberg and Stollenwerk 1974; Ebbecke and Lüschper 1987; Niketta 1986; Niketta, Niepel and Nonninger 1983; Weber 1990). The problem of these studies is their narrow database, and so I want to report here on a research project designed to provide empirically well-founded but broad-based evidence of the situation of rock musicians in West Germany. The research was undertaken in order to inform strategies for promoting rock music making in Germany (see Zickenheiner 1988). It was financed by the Federal Ministry for Education and Science and the Secretariat for Common Cultural Activities, in co-operation with the Centre for Music and Communication Technology, Wuppertal. The original project report was published in 1993 (Niketta and Volke 1993).

Entwicklung auditiver Verarbeitungs- und Wahrnehmungsleistungen mit und ohne AVWS im Grundschulalter

“…Die Varianzen der Testvariablen sollten über die Gruppen hinweg etwa gleich sein („Homoskedastizität“). Varianzhomogenität lag gemäß Box-M-Test nicht vor (F (84, 41060,987) = 3,004; p < 0,001)), weswegen die F-Werte der Pillai-Spur-Korrektur 24 bei der Signifikanzprüfung herangezogen wurden, da diese robust gegenüber der Modellverletzung sind, insbesondere bei ungleichen Zellgrößen 22 . Hierbei erwies sich die Gleichheit der Kovarianzen für multivariate Tests für die Haupteffekte „Gruppe“ und „Schuljahresstufe“ als signifikant (p der Haupteffekte jeweils < 0,001) wie auch für die Wechselwirkung zwischen Schuljahresstufe und AVWS (p = 0,011).…”