Rocking activation of free standing elements in real conditions: A safe experimentally-based acceleration limit

Bertó, Luisa; Meroi, Emilio; Rocca, Irene; Saetta, Anna

doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.111331

Cited by 10 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Nonetheless, from the time history responses in Figure 7, a pedestal wobbling without significant uplift on the edges is observed at about 9.5 s. Such behavior, which was detected also from the measurements of the gyroscope and the vertical accelerometers, is also confirmed by the LVDT time history in Figure 7D. This response mode may be generated by imperfections at the base of the pedestal, thus confirming the findings in Wittich and Hutchinson 50 and Berto et al 38 . For the 2nd shock, when the table peak acceleration is reached (i.e., at 11.9 s), the onset of slight rocking is detected by the different amplitudes of the acceleration of the shake table and pedestal in Figure 7A.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

“…In this regard, it is interesting to compare the observed experimental results with the theoretical value

{a}_c

of the minimum horizontal acceleration for the onset of rocking. In no‐sliding condition this value is conventionally assumed equal to the pseudo‐static limit

{a}_c = \ B/Hg

, with the meaning of the symbols described in Section 2.2, as discussed in Berto et al 38 …”

Section: Further Investigations On the Experimental Outcomes For The ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seismic assessment of free‐standing artifacts: Full‐scale tests on large shake table

Bertó

Sarno

Fragiadakis

et al. 2023

Earthq Engng Struct Dyn

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Recent severe earthquakes highlighted the high vulnerability of artistic assets. Thus, the seismic assessment and formulation of preservation strategies of artifacts are key challenges of modern earthquake engineering, which require theoretical and experimental investigations. The present paper discusses the outcomes from large scale shake table tests carried out on full‐scale free‐standing artifacts. The study is also aimed at evaluating the reliability of existing simplified formulations to predict the rocking motion activation. Emphasis is on prototypes of marble busts with solid and hollow pedestals with different geometries. Comprehensive tests were performed within “Seismic Resilience of Museum Contents” (SEREME) project, which was recently funded by H2020 Framework Programme – Seismology and Earthquake Engineering Research Infrastructure Alliance for Europe (SERA). Uniaxial and biaxial earthquake natural records with different amplitudes and frequency contents were considered to assess the rocking motion of the sample specimens. Response parameters such as uplift, horizontal and vertical accelerations, angular velocity were measured to assess the rocking response of the sample freestanding busts and pedestals. Coefficients of amplification (CAF) of acceleration were also computed. The value of CAF showed that for solid pedestals they were not significantly influenced by peak ground acceleration (PGA) and earthquake type. Conversely, hollow pedestals, which were characterized by larger values of CAF than solid counterparts, ranging between 1 and 7, were affected by PGA and earthquake characteristics. Finally, the outcomes of the presented shake table tests showed that uplifts and angular velocity are effective measures for assessing rocking occurrence of tested artifacts.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

“…In this regard, it is interesting to compare the observed experimental results with the theoretical value

{a}_c

of the minimum horizontal acceleration for the onset of rocking. In no‐sliding condition this value is conventionally assumed equal to the pseudo‐static limit

{a}_c = \ B/Hg

, with the meaning of the symbols described in Section 2.2, as discussed in Berto et al 38 …”

Section: Further Investigations On the Experimental Outcomes For The ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismic assessment of free‐standing artifacts: Full‐scale tests on large shake table

Bertó

Sarno

Fragiadakis

et al. 2023

Earthq Engng Struct Dyn

Self Cite

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“…Starting from Housner 6 who proposed the equation of motion for a rigid rocking block (Figure 1A), numerous studies [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] have investigated the effect of block and ground motion characteristics on the full range of rocking response. Others have assessed the response of rocking non-structural components, 19,20 while testing campaigns 19,21 have explored the validity of analytical solutions. In other words, focusing on rocking is self-explanatory; staying with IDA may not be as simple to explain apart from a certain affinity of the second author.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rocking incremental dynamic analysis

Lachanas

Vamvatsikos

2021

Earthq Engng Struct Dyn

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The seismic response assessment of rocking systems via Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA) is investigated, focusing on the issues that arise in the analysis and postprocessing stages. Rocking IDA curves generally differ from those of hysteretic structural systems due to (i) the frequent appearance of resurrections; (ii) their highly weaving non-monotonic behavior; and (iii) their overall high variability. Hence, including or ignoring analysis results above the first resurrection level, deriving statistics given a response level versus an intensity measure level, as well as selecting an adequate number of ground motion records and runs per record, become challenging issues with non-trivial impact on the probabilistic characterization of rocking response. This necessitates a fresh view on analysis choices and post-processing techniques, aiming to assure the accuracy and fidelity of rocking IDA results. As an example, the effect of different choices and techniques are showcased on two-dimensional rigid blocks that are assumed to represent simplified models of monolithic ancient columns of different slenderness.

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“…Although this is a well‐known topic in the scientific literature, there have been many recent and significant developments, such as the derivation of closed‐form solutions (Kounadis, 2015), the investigation on the role of the friction coefficient (Gesualdo et al., 2016; Gesualdo, Iannuzzo, Minutolo, & Monaco, 2018; Gesualdo, Iannuzzo, Monaco, & Penta, 2018), the influence of heavy masses on the rocking behavior (Gesualdo, Iannuzzo, & Monaco, 2018), the assessment of the existing protocols for shake table testing of freestanding objects (D'Angela et al., 2021), and the study of the seismic response of storage racks (Malhotra, 2009). From the experimental point of view, recent researches aim at determining the friction coefficients between the rigid body and the base (Monaco et al., 2014) and the minimum horizontal acceleration required to activate rocking (Berto et al., 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over the past years, new concepts and techniques have been developed for protecting structures from earthquakes and severe winds (Gutierrez Soto & Adeli, 2017;Naeim & Kelly, 1999) on the basis of approaches exploiting pas-sive (Andersson et al, 2015;Lin et al, 2010), semi-active, and active (Aldemir et al, 2012;Bitaraf et al, 2012;El-Khoury & Adeli, 2013;Gutierrez Soto & Adeli, 2018 control.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A procedure to model and design elastomeric‐based isolation systems for the seismic protection of rocking art objects

Pellecchia

Feudo

Vaiana

et al. 2021

Computer aided Civil Eng

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This paper investigates the rocking behavior of rigid bodies seismically protected by means of lead rubber bearings and high damping rubber bearings, which are the most popular kinds of elastomeric isolators in the market. The complex nonlinear force-displacement relationship displayed by such devices is predicted by a phenomenological model based on a small set of parameters having a clear mechanical meaning. The algebraic nature of the proposed hysteretic model makes it suitable for a design procedure, using an energy-based approach, that allows one to obtain the hysteretic model parameters on the basis of the mass and the isolation period. Overturning spectra are evaluated and discussed to illustrate the effect of the isolation devices on the rigid bodies' rocking behavior. Furthermore, nonlinear time history analyses associated with six real earthquakes are carried out on six of Michelangelo's sculptures, located in the Galleria dei Prigioni at the Accademia Gallery of Florence, in order to examine their actual behavior under real strong ground motions.

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Rocking activation of free standing elements in real conditions: A safe experimentally-based acceleration limit

Cited by 10 publications

References 44 publications

Seismic assessment of free‐standing artifacts: Full‐scale tests on large shake table

Seismic assessment of free‐standing artifacts: Full‐scale tests on large shake table

Rocking incremental dynamic analysis

A procedure to model and design elastomeric‐based isolation systems for the seismic protection of rocking art objects

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