Rocky coastal cliffs reinforced by vegetation roots and potential collapse risk caused by sea-level rise

Kogure, Tetsuya

doi:10.1016/j.catena.2022.106457

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Therefore, the collapse of a rocky cliff produces a major shoreline change compared to the gradual change due to sandy beach erosion, although the frequency of rocky cliff collapse is relatively low. Man-made structures, such as metal bars inserted into cliffs for reinforcement, can be added to protect shorelines from erosion in hard engineering processes called cliff fixing [42] (Table 1).…”

Section: Engineering Approaches For Coastal Protectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Monitoring of Coastal Areas by Remote Sensing and Engineering Approaches

Pepi¹

2023

Current Trends in Eng Sc

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Monitoring coastal regions is very important to protect the marine environment as a whole. Coastal erosion, sea level rise, coastal changes, flooding, and harmful algal blooms, are examples of challenges in coastal areas resulting from climate change. Furthermore, pollution from oil spills and agricultural activities that release large quantities of agrochemicals, organic matter, drug residues, sediments and saline drainage into coastal waters are further examples of coastal challenges and criticalities. All of these challenges require a high level of attention. Coastal monitoring through remote sensing approaches and possible models capable of predicting future developments can represent valid tools available to policymakers to develop interventions. Hard and soft engineering interventions can counteract the effects of coastal erosion, wave action, shoreline and flooding, thus restoring coasts and all associated activities. This mini-review describes remote sensing approaches for coastal monitoring, such as the use of unmanned aircraft, and possible hard and soft engineering interventions capable of mitigating coastal damage according to sustainability rules.

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Section: Engineering Approaches For Coastal Protectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This method can cause a metal mess [42] Coastal barrage This procedure consists in partly submerged damlike structures that control the tidal flow This method creates a more consistent water level that can be used to create hydroelectricity…”

Section: Engineering Approaches For Coastal Protectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring of Coastal Areas by Remote Sensing and Engineering Approaches

Pepi¹

2023

Current Trends in Eng Sc

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“…In the case of rocky cliff collapse, coasts changes are more evident than gradual modifications of coasts due to sandy beach erosion. Cliff fixing are hard engineering procedures that can be conducted by inserting metal bars into cliffs conferring cliff reinforcement and shorelines protection from erosion [97] (Table 2). Coastal barrage is another hard-engineering procedure using dam-like structures in partly submerged, that have the role to control tidal flow (Table 2).…”

Section: Hard Engineering Interventions At Coastsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coastal Monitoring and Coastal Erosion: Engineering Interventions for Coastal Protection and Considerations on the Mediterranean Sea

Focardi,

Pepi

2023

Preprint

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Coasts are characterized by high biological and ecological productivities, and are theatre of strategic economic activities, including tourism, fishing and aquaculture. Both anthropic and natural hazards can thus affect coasts, causing their deterioration. The monitoring of coasts in terms of evolution, adaptation, contamination and resilience, is a pivotal point composed of both classic measurement approaches, and innovative approaches as remote sensing and the use of unmanned aerial vehicles. In the last years, climate change is increasing its effects all over the world and coasts are a delicate system suffering these effects particularly. Climate change has important impacts on coasts, with a serious consequence represented by sea level rise. The latter causes coastal erosion, leading to ecological and economic issues and with consequences for human health. The Mediterranean Basin, which has always represented an important crossroads of different civilizations and economic and cultural exchanges, is now threatened by the consequences of climate change. This area is decribed as an example of coastal system of strategic importance and subjected to serious challenges. Engineering interventions are countermeasures to cope with coastal erosion and coastal degradation. These countermeasures are aimed at protecting the coasts and the populations living on the coasts. The types of intervention can be defined of hard engineering, as in the case of fixed structures in concrete, and of soft engineering, with structures of protection builted according to the principles of nature. Engineering procedures provide coastal benefits, although they can cause further coastal damage. It is thus necessary to protect the coasts and the same time actions aimed at mitigating climate change must be implemented, according to the rules of sustainability.

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“…Although tree trunks have been used to track landslide erosion [21], cliffs present a unique challenge as they may either lack distinct objects that can be tracked and used to measure change, or such objects may rest in a relatively stable position at the cliff base (Figure 1). In addition to obscuring our view of the cliff face, vegetation may also affect the coastal cliff stability [22], and it may be important to identify where vegetation is present and where it is absent. Given the importance of monitoring coastal cliff erosion in the presence of vegetation, it is important that we can efficiently and accurately segment bare-Earth points on the cliff face from vegetation so we can monitor the cliff face for potential leading indicators of slope instability, such as groundwater seepage faces, basal notching, and rock fractures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…, a problem not unique to vegetation segmentation. Although the vegetation and bare-Earth training point clouds were different sizes(22,451,839 vegetation points and 102,539,815 bare-Earth points), class imbalance was addressed here by randomly down-sampling the bare-Earth points to equal the number of vegetation points prior to model training. A similar approach to balancing training data for point cloud segmentation was employed by[67].…”

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confidence: 99%

Machine Learning Vegetation Filtering of Coastal Cliff and Bluff Point Clouds

Wernette

2024

Remote Sensing

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Coastal cliffs erode in response to short- and long-term environmental changes, but predicting these changes continues to be a challenge. In addition to a chronic lack of data on the cliff face, vegetation presence and growth can bias our erosion measurements and limit our ability to detect geomorphic erosion by obscuring the cliff face. This paper builds on past research segmenting vegetation in three-band red, green, blue (RGB) imagery and presents two approaches to segmenting and filtering vegetation from the bare cliff face in dense point clouds constructed from RGB images and structure-from-motion (SfM) software. Vegetation indices were computed from previously published research and their utility in segmenting vegetation from bare cliff face was compared against machine learning (ML) models for point cloud segmentation. Results demonstrate that, while existing vegetation indices and ML models are both capable of segmenting vegetation and bare cliff face sediments, ML models can be more efficient and robust across different growing seasons. ML model accuracy quickly reached an asymptote with only two layers and RGB images only (i.e., no vegetation indices), suggesting that these more parsimonious models may be more robust to a range of environmental conditions than existing vegetation indices which vary substantially from one growing season to another with changes in vegetation phenology.

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Rocky coastal cliffs reinforced by vegetation roots and potential collapse risk caused by sea-level rise

Cited by 6 publications

References 26 publications

Monitoring of Coastal Areas by Remote Sensing and Engineering Approaches

Monitoring of Coastal Areas by Remote Sensing and Engineering Approaches

Coastal Monitoring and Coastal Erosion: Engineering Interventions for Coastal Protection and Considerations on the Mediterranean Sea

Machine Learning Vegetation Filtering of Coastal Cliff and Bluff Point Clouds

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