Rod-Shaped Spinel Co₃O₄ and Carbon Nitride Heterostructure-Modified Fluorine-Doped Tin Oxide Electrode as an Electrochemical Transducer for Efficient Sensing of Hydrazine

Abstract

Engineering low-cost and efficient materials for sensing hydrazine (HA) is critical given the adverse effects of high concentrations on humans. We report an efficient electrode made up of rod-shaped Co3O4/g-C3N4 (Co3O4/graphitic carbon nitride (GCN))-coated fluorine-doped tin oxide as a desirable electrode for the detection of HA. GCN is synthesized by the thermal decomposition of melamine, Co3O4, and the heterostructure is grown by a hydrothermal process. The as-prepared materials were characterized by using spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The voltammetric studies showed that HA can be oxidized at a lower onset potential of 0.24 V vs reference Ag/AgCl, and the composite yielded a significantly enhanced oxidation peak current than the pure components because of the high electrocatalytic activity and the synergy between Co3O4 and GCN. By employing chronoamperometry, the proposed sensor can detect HA in a wide range with a high sensitivity of 819.52 μA mM–1 cm–2 and a detection limit of 3.14 μM. The high conductivity of Co3O4, enhanced electroactive surface area, the rich redox couples of Co2+/Co3+, and the additional catalytic sites from GCN are responsible for the high performance of the heterostructure.

MnCo2O4 Spinel Nanorods for Highly Sensitive Electrochemical Detection of Nitrite

“…Each of these peaks can be divided into subpeaks arising from Co 2+ , Co 3+ , and satellite peaks. The Co 2+ component from 2p 1/2 and 2p 3/2 occurs at 796.77 and 781.27 eV, respectively, whereas the Co 3+ contribution occurs at 795.27 eV (2p 1/2 ) and 780.22 eV (2p 3/2 ). , The satellite peaks at 803.21 and 786.18 eV signify the existence of Co 2+ . Thus, the prepared MCO has Co in the mixed valences of 2+/3+, and from the integrated areas, the ratio of Co 2+ /Co 3+ was calculated to be 1.51, suggesting that the majority of Co is present in the 2+ oxidation state in MCO.…”

Nanoscale materials at work: Mapping emerging applications in energy, medicine, and beyond

“…554,555 Salts such as silver chloride (AgCl), sodium chloride (NaCl), iron chloride (FeCl3) and basic compounds such as triethylamine and potassium hydroxide (KOH) and the strong acid hydrochloric acid (HCl), are the other emerging small molecules more so in journal publications. Silver chloride (AgCl) is often used in reference electrodes [556][557][558] and as components of nanocomposites. 559 Nanosensors have been tested for their sensitivity in the presence of varying concentrations of sodium chloride (NaCl).…”