Rodent sex differences in disgust behaviors (anticipatory nausea) conditioned to a context associated with the effects of the toxin LiCl: Inhibition of conditioning following immune stimulation with lipopolysaccharide

Cloutier, Caylen J.; Kavaliers, Martin; Ossenkopp, Klaus‐Peter

doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2016.08.006

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…The limitation of the present study is that we did not track the estrous cycle and distribution of the estrous cycle was not identified within each group on conditioning and test days. Recently, Cloutier et al (2017) have confirmed the validity of using conditioned gaping response as an index of nausea in rats. In this study, the conditioning episodes were carried out during the light cycle every 3 days which ensured a different estrous cycle day for females on each of the four conditioning days, and animals in each group were pseudo-randomized across the estrous cycles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Sex and Age Differences in Motion Sickness in Rats: The Correlation with Blood Hormone Responses and Neuronal Activation in the Vestibular and Autonomic Nuclei

Zhou

Wang

Pan

et al. 2017

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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Many studies have demonstrated sex and age differences in motion sickness, but the underlying physiological basis is still in controversy. In the present study, we tried to investigate the potential correlates of endocrine and/or neuronal activity with sex and age differences in rats with motion sickness. LiCl-induced nausea symptom was evaluated by conditioned gaping. Motion sickness was assessed by measurement of autonomic responses (i.e., conditioned gaping and defecation responses), motor impairments (i.e., hypoactivity and balance disturbance) after Ferris wheel-like rotation, and blood hormone levels and central Fos protein expression was also observed. We found that rotation-induced conditioned gaping, defecation responses and motor disorders were significantly attenuated in middle-aged animals (13- and 14-month-age) compared with adolescents (1- and 2-month-age) and young-adults (4- and/or 5-month-age). LiCl-induced conditioned gapings were also decreased with age, but was less pronounced than rotation-induced ones. Females showed greater responses in defecation and spontaneous locomotor activity during adolescents and/or young-adult period. Blood adrenocorticotropic hormone and corticosterone significantly increased in 4-month-old males after rotation compared with static controls. No significant effect of rotation was observed in norepinephrine, epinephrine, β-endorphin and arginine-vasopressin levels. The middle-aged animals (13-month-age) also had higher number of rotation-induced Fos-labeled neurons in the spinal vestibular nucleus, the parabrachial nucleus (PBN), the central and medial nucleus of amygdala (CeA and MeA) compared with adolescents (1-month-age) and young-adults (4-month-age) and in the nucleus of solitary tract (NTS) compared with adolescents (1-month-age). Sex difference in rotation-induced Fos-labeling was observed in the PBN, the NTS, the locus ceruleus and the paraventricular hypothalamus nucleus at 4 and/or 13 months of age. These results suggested that the sex and age differences in motion sickness may not correlate with stress hormone responses and habituation. The age-dependent decline in motion sickness susceptibility might be mainly attributed to the neuronal activity changes in vestibulo-autonomic pathways contributing to homeostasis regulation during motion sickness.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Sex and Age Differences in Motion Sickness in Rats: The Correlation with Blood Hormone Responses and Neuronal Activation in the Vestibular and Autonomic Nuclei

Zhou

Wang

Pan

et al. 2017

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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“…How this impacts on the patterns of social avoidance and interactions needs further consideration. There are also important sexual dimorphisms in infection avoidance and the display of disgust [138,139]. The understanding of how sex differences in social cognition and their neuroendocrine substrates contribute to pathogen recognition and avoidance is essential.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of social cognition in parasite and pathogen avoidance

Kavaliers

Choleris

2018

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

Self Cite

112

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The acquisition and use of social information are integral to social behaviour and parasite/pathogen avoidance. This involves social cognition which encompasses mechanisms for acquiring, processing, retaining and acting on social information. Social cognition entails the acquisition of social information about others (i.e. social recognition) and from others (i.e. social learning). Social cognition involves assessing other individuals and their infection status and the pathogen and parasite threat they pose and deciding about when and how to interact with them. Social cognition provides a framework for examining pathogen and parasite avoidance behaviours and their associated neurobiological mechanisms. Here, we briefly consider the relationships between social cognition and olfactory-mediated pathogen and parasite avoidance behaviours. We briefly discuss aspects of (i) social recognition of actual and potentially infected individuals and the impact of parasite/pathogen threat on mate and social partner choice; (ii) the roles of 'out-groups' (strangers, unfamiliar individuals) and 'in-groups' (familiar individuals) in the expression of parasite/pathogen avoidance behaviours; (iii) individual and social learning, i.e. the utilization of the pathogen recognition and avoidance responses of others; and (iv) the neurobiological mechanisms, in particular the roles of the nonapeptide, oxytocin and steroid hormones (oestrogens) associated with social cognition and parasite/pathogen avoidance.This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Evolution of pathogen and parasite avoidance behaviours'.

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“…Given the centrality in disgust of guarding the ingestive oral pathway (Fessler & Haley, 2006), with corresponding loss of appetite, nausea, and related gastrointestinal qualia (Rozin & Fallon, 1987), it is telling that women experience more postoperative nausea and vomiting (Gan, 2006), postchemotherapy nausea, motion sickness, and conditioned food aversions than men (Fessler & Arguello, 2004; Hickok et al, 2003; Klosterhalfen et al, 2005; Stockhorst et al, 2006). Reducing the likelihood that these patterns stem primarily from gendered cultural schemas (a topic to which we will return), parallel patterns occur in other mammals, as female rats show stronger conditioned “disgust” responses than males (Cloutier, Kavaliers, & Ossenkopp, 2017), and female Japanese macaques engage in more hygienic behaviors when foraging and handling food (Sarabian & MacIntosh, 2015). Likewise, with regard to the avoidance of contact-mediated pathogen transfer, female mandrills engage in less perianal allogrooming of conspecifics infected with gastrointestinal macroparasites than do males (C. Sarabian, personal correspondence, 15 June 2017).…”

Section: Implications Of the Risk Perspective On Disgustmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disgust as a mechanism for decision making under risk: Illuminating sex differences and individual risk-taking correlates of disgust propensity.

Sparks

Fessler

Chan

et al. 2018

Emotion

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The emotion disgust motivates costly behavioral strategies that mitigate against potentially larger costs associated with pathogens, sexual behavior, and moral transgressions. Because disgust thereby regulates exposure to harm, it is by definition a mechanism for calibrating decision making under risk. Understanding this illuminates two features of the demographic distribution of this emotion. First, this approach predicts and explains sex differences in disgust. Greater female disgust propensity is often reported and discussed in the literature, but, to date, conclusions have been based on informal comparisons across a small number of studies, while existing functionalist explanations are at best incomplete. We report the results of an extensive meta-analysis documenting this sex difference, arguing that key features of this pattern are best explained as one manifestation of a broad principle of the evolutionary biology of risk-taking: for a given potential benefit, males in an effectively polygynous mating system accept the risk of harm more willingly than do females. Second, viewing disgust as a mechanism for decision making under risk likewise predicts that individual differences in disgust propensity should correlate with individual differences in various forms of risky behavior, because situational and dispositional factors that influence valuation of opportunity and hazard are often correlated across multiple decision contexts. In two large-sample online studies, we find consistent associations between disgust and risk avoidance. We conclude that disgust and related emotions can be usefully examined through the theoretical lens of decision making under risk in light of human evolution. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).

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Rodent sex differences in disgust behaviors (anticipatory nausea) conditioned to a context associated with the effects of the toxin LiCl: Inhibition of conditioning following immune stimulation with lipopolysaccharide

Cited by 21 publications

References 79 publications

Sex and Age Differences in Motion Sickness in Rats: The Correlation with Blood Hormone Responses and Neuronal Activation in the Vestibular and Autonomic Nuclei

Sex and Age Differences in Motion Sickness in Rats: The Correlation with Blood Hormone Responses and Neuronal Activation in the Vestibular and Autonomic Nuclei

The role of social cognition in parasite and pathogen avoidance

Disgust as a mechanism for decision making under risk: Illuminating sex differences and individual risk-taking correlates of disgust propensity.

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