Rodent trypanosomes: Their conflict with the immune system of the host

Albright, Julia W.; Albright, Joseph F.

doi:10.1016/0169-4758(91)90277-u

Cited by 36 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…However, considering the low pathogenicity of rodent trypanosomes in general (Hoare, 1972), and the fact that older field voles are more heavily parasitized by fleas and thus more exposed to infection than the younger animals, neither readily explains our observations. Alternatively, a convex age-prevalence curve may be generated when older individuals develop a degree of acquired immunity following infection, as has been observed in mice experimentally infected with T. musculi and T. lewisi (Albright and Albright 1991 ;Sato et al 2004). The lowest levels of infection in the youngest cohort may be explained by their low probability of encountering fleas (see above), or possibly due to maternal antibodies acquired during development or through milk from the mother (Brambell, 1958).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Trypanosomes, fleas and field voles: ecological dynamics of a host-vector–parasite interaction

et al. 2005

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To investigate the prevalence of a flea-borne protozoan (Trypanosoma (Herpetosoma) microti) in its field vole (Microtus agrestis) host, we monitored over a 2-year period a range of intrinsic and extrinsic parameters pertaining to host demographics, infection status and vector (flea) prevalence. Generalized Linear Mixed Modelling was used to analyse patterns of both flea and trypanosome occurrence. Overall, males of all sizes and ages were more likely to be infested with fleas than their female counterparts. Flea prevalence also showed direct density dependence during the winter, but patterns of density dependence varied amongst body mass (age) classes during the summer. Trypanosome prevalence did not vary between the sexes but was positively related to past flea prevalence with a lag of 3 months, with the highest levels occurring during the autumn season. A convex age-prevalence distribution was observed, suggesting that individuals develop a degree of immunity to trypanosome infection with age and exposure. An interaction between age and whether the individual was new or recaptured suggested that infected animals are less likely to become territory holders than their uninfected counterparts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Trypanosomes, fleas and field voles: ecological dynamics of a host-vector–parasite interaction

et al. 2005

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“…The profile of infection in T. lewisi is well known (Albright & Albright 1991). After a rapid multiplication for 10 days, the trypanosomes stop growing and infection stabilizes for several weeks, after which the parasites suddenly disappear from the blood and the rat develops a solid immunity against re-infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Trypanosoma lewisi in Rattus norvegicus from Belo Horizonte, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil

Linardi

Botelho

2002

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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“…El hecho de que la infección con tripanosomas africanos induzca procesos de inmunosupresión claramente demostrados (Darji et al 1992, Uzonna et al1998) dio origen a varios estudios en las ratas blancas (Rattus rattus). Estos animales presentan una clara resistencia natural a la toxoplasmosis, la cual siempre se manifiesta en ellos como una enfermedad crónica (Chinchilla et al 1981(Chinchilla et al ,1982(Chinchilla et al , 1985, independientemente de la cepa del parásito y la edad de los animales (Guerrero et al1995, Albright & Albright 1991. En tales estudios, se demostró que el Trypanosoma lewisi, un parásito normal de la rata, que no provoca patología sobre el animal (ya que la infección es autolimitada), induce un efecto inmunosupresor importante que activa la toxoplasmosis en estos animales.…”

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Efecto inmunosupresor de la infección por <i>Trypanosoma musculi</i> (Mastigophora: Trypanosomatidae) en la toxoplasmosis experimental

Piccolo-Johanning

Kellerman-Guterman

Valerio-Campos

et al. 2013

RBT

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Immunosuppressor effect of Trypanosoma musculi (Mastigophora: Trypanosomatidae) on experimental toxoplasmosis. The immunosuppression caused by species of the gender Trypanosoma has been widely documented. The influence over experimental infections with Toxoplasma gondii is evident when using Trypanosoma lewisi, a natural parasite of white rats. We decided to test the effect of Trypanosoma musculi from mice, an organism with very similar biological characteristics to T. lewisi, to see if this trypanosomatid could induce a similar effect. Four groups of Swiss mice were inoculated with T. musculi previously to infection with T. gondii, and we determined the survival of the animals, as well as the number of cysts developed in the brain of survivors. We isolated and tested different strains of T. gondii from different sources. In a first experiment, the animals were previously inoculated with T. musculi at different times prior to the infection with Toxoplasma; this allowed us to determine that the immunosuppression process resulted more evident when T. musculi inoculation was made four days before. In a second experiment, we used different inoculi dose and found that it did not influenced the process. Furthermore, the results were negative when evaluating if the amount of the inoculated trypomastigote influenced the process. In order to demonstrate if there were differences in the immnosuppressive effect, related to Toxoplasma strains, groups of mice were inoculated with brain cysts of TFC, TLP, TLW and TBT strains. Excluding the TLP strain, that resulted to be very pathogenic regardless the previous inoculation with T. lewisi, the other strains kept the same pattern of immunosuppression in mice, whose survival time was shorter as the presence of cysts in the brain was higher. These observations were in agreement with an experimental immunosuppression model, associated with immunosuppressive diseases, specially cancer and AIDS. Rev. Biol. Trop. 61 (2): 981-990. Epub 2013 June 01.

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Rodent trypanosomes: Their conflict with the immune system of the host

Cited by 36 publications

References 30 publications

Trypanosomes, fleas and field voles: ecological dynamics of a host-vector–parasite interaction

Trypanosomes, fleas and field voles: ecological dynamics of a host-vector–parasite interaction

Prevalence of Trypanosoma lewisi in Rattus norvegicus from Belo Horizonte, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil

Efecto inmunosupresor de la infección por <i>Trypanosoma musculi</i> (Mastigophora: Trypanosomatidae) en la toxoplasmosis experimental

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