Roentgen Findings in Obstetrical Injuries to the Brachial Plexus

Kattan, Kenneth R.; Spitz, Harold B.

doi:10.1148/91.3.462

Cited by 20 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The lack of substantial forces applied to the scapula by the weakened scapula stabilizer muscles leads to a decreased rate of bone growth [8, 11]. The observed decreased height to total width is partly the result of enlargement of the acromion, which may be caused by traction through the deltoid [7].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous radiological assessments have used oblique images of the scapula [8, 11] and no report has utilized 3D-CT and measured these characteristics. In fact, in posterior trunk views the hypoplasia looks more exaggerated than by measurement in the scapular posterior view because the view is affected by the internal rotation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There have been previous radiologic demonstrations of scapular deformity as a sequela of obstetric brachial plexus palsy using plain radiographs or computed axial tomography were used, but attention was directed solely to the glenoid fossa and adjacent structures, without evaluating the body, spine and acromion process [8, 11, 12, 17]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scapular deformity in obstetric brachial plexus palsy: a new finding

Nath

Paizi

2007

Surg Radiol Anat

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While most obstetric brachial plexus palsy patients recover arm and hand function, the residual nerve weakness leads to muscle imbalances about the shoulder which may cause bony deformities. In this paper we describe abnormalities in the developing scapula and the glenohumeral joint. We introduce a classiWcation for the deformity which we term Scapular Hypoplasia, Elevation and Rotation. Multiple anatomic parameters were measured in bilateral CT images and three-dimensional CT reconstruction of the shoulder girdle of 30 obstetric brachial plexus palsy patients (age range 10 months-10.6 years). The aVected scapulae were found to be hypoplastic by an average of 14% while the ratio of the height to the width of the body of scapula (excluding acromion) were not signiWcantly changed, the acromion was signiWcantly elongated by an average of 19%. These parameters as well as subluxation of the humeral head (average 14%) and downward rotation in the scapular plane were found to correlate with the area of scapula visible over the clavicle. This Wnding provides a classiWcation tool for diagnosis and objective evaluation of the bony deformity and its severity in obstetric brachial plexus palsy patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scapular deformity in obstetric brachial plexus palsy: a new finding

Nath

Paizi

2007

Surg Radiol Anat

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“…This leads to defective growth of the posterior glenoid margin so that the gleno-humeral articulation is abnormally retro-verted, and there is posterior subluxation or luxation of the humeral head (Pearl & Edgerton, 1998;Waters et al, 1998;Terzis et al, 2003;Kozin, 2004;Kambhampati et al, 2006). The coracoid process characteristically becomes elongated and inferiorly directed (Kattan & Spitz, 1968;Pollock & Reed, 1989;Terzis et al, 2003), probably due to traction upon it from paralysis of the muscles supporting the head of the humerus within the glenoid (Kambhampati et al, 2006). The acromion is hyperplastic and may be inferiorly directed (Kattan & Spitz, 1968;Terzis et al, 2003;Kambhampati et al, 2006;Nath & Paizi, 2007), most likely as a result of persistent muscular pull via the deltoid (Kambhampati et al, 2006).…”

Section: Birth Injury Of the Brachial Plexusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The coracoid process characteristically becomes elongated and inferiorly directed (Kattan & Spitz, 1968;Pollock & Reed, 1989;Terzis et al, 2003), probably due to traction upon it from paralysis of the muscles supporting the head of the humerus within the glenoid (Kambhampati et al, 2006). The acromion is hyperplastic and may be inferiorly directed (Kattan & Spitz, 1968;Terzis et al, 2003;Kambhampati et al, 2006;Nath & Paizi, 2007), most likely as a result of persistent muscular pull via the deltoid (Kambhampati et al, 2006).…”

Section: Birth Injury Of the Brachial Plexusmentioning

confidence: 99%

A scapula deformity in two burials from medieval England

Mays

2008

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

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A scapula malformation is described in two burials from the site of the late medieval Dominican friary at Ipswich, UK. The changes appear most consistent with primary scapular neck dysplasia. One of the burials also showed clear signs of leprosy. The burials are of lay benefactors of the friary. The Ipswich Dominican friary had no known function as a leprosy hospital. Finding of burials of lepers other than in burial grounds of leprosaria is highly unusual for medieval England. Scapular neck dysplasia has a strong genetic component in its aetiology. This, coupled with its rarity, suggests a close genetic link between the two burials. The findings suggest that in this case, family ties with the friary overrode the normal medieval custom of interring lepers in leprosy hospitals. This illustrates that even rare skeletal variants may convey useful biocultural information about past populations.

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Birth Trauma, Perinatal Asphyxia, and Iatrogenic Respiratory Distress

Kassner¹,

Haller²

1985

Radiology of Iatrogenic Disorders

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Roentgen Findings in Obstetrical Injuries to the Brachial Plexus

Cited by 20 publications

References 4 publications

Scapular deformity in obstetric brachial plexus palsy: a new finding

Scapular deformity in obstetric brachial plexus palsy: a new finding

A scapula deformity in two burials from medieval England

Birth Trauma, Perinatal Asphyxia, and Iatrogenic Respiratory Distress

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