In this paper, time-splitting spectral approximation technique has been proposed for Chen-Lee-Liu (CLL) equation involving Riesz fractional derivative. The proposed numerical technique is efficient, unconditionally stable, and of second-order accuracy in time and of spectral accuracy in space. Moreover, it conserves the total density in the discretized level. In order to examine the results, with the aid of weighted shifted Grünwald-Letnikov formula for approximating Riesz fractional derivative, Crank-Nicolson weighted and shifted Grünwald difference (CN-WSGD) method has been applied for Riesz fractional CLL equation. The comparison of results reveals that the proposed time-splitting spectral method is very effective and simple for obtaining single soliton numerical solution of Riesz fractional CLL equation.
KEYWORDSChen-Lee-Liu equation, CN-WSGD method, Grünwald-Letnikov difference operator, Riesz fractional derivative, time-splitting spectral method, weighted shifted Grünwald-Letnikov formula
| INTRODUCTIONAs a field of applied mathematics, fractional calculus is a generalization of the differentiation and integration of integer order to arbitrary order (real or complex order). The usefulness of fractional calculus has been found in various areas of science and engineering. Its application has been seen in many research areas such as transport processes, fluid dynamics, electrochemical processes, bioengineering, signal processing, control theory, fractal theory, porous media, viscoelastic materials, electrical circuits, plasma physics, and nuclear reactor kinetics. 1-7 Many physical and engineering phenomena, which are analyzed by fractional calculus, are considered to be best modeled by fractional differential equations (FDEs). During the past few decades, the intensive research pursuits in the development of the theory of FDEs have been experienced due to its capability to accurate elucidation of many real-life problems as the nature manifests in a fractional-order dynamical manner. Up to now, a great deal of effort has been devoted for solving the FDEs by various analytical and numerical methods. These methods include finite difference method, 8 operational matrix method, 9 (G ′ /G)-expansion method, 10-13 Adomian decomposition method, 14,15 differential transform method, 16,17 first integral method, 18,19 and fractional subequation method. 20,21 Derivative nonlinear Schrödinger (DNLS)-type equations are significant nonlinear models that have many implementations in nonlinear optics fibers and plasma physics. [22][23][24][25] In nonlinear optics, nonlinear effects are studied comprehensively. To describe the nonlinear effects in optical fibers without the inclusion of loss and gain, the nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation is utilized. 22 The employed NLS equation is a lowest-order approximate model describing the nonlinear effects in optical fibers. Nowadays, higher-order nonlinear effects are inevitable in many optical systems