Rol genes enhance the biosynthesis of antioxidants in Artemisia carvifolia Buch

Abstract

BackgroundThe secondary metabolites of the Artemisia genus are well known for their important therapeutic properties. This genus is one of the valuable sources of flavonoids and other polyphenols, but due to the low contents of these important metabolites, there is a need to either enhance their concentration in the original plant or seek alternative sources for them. The aim of the current study was to detect and enhance the yield of antioxidant compounds of Artemisia carvifolia Buch. HPLC analysis was performed to detect the antioxidants. With the aim of increasing flavonoid content, Rol gene transgenics of A. carvifolia were established. Two genes of the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and chalcone synthase, were studied by real time qPCR. Antioxidant potential was determined by performing different antioxidant assays.ResultsHPLC analysis of wild-type A. carvifolia revealed the presence of flavonoids such as caffeic acid (30 μg/g DW), quercetin (10 μg/g DW), isoquercetin (400 μg/g DW) and rutin (300 μg/g DW). Compared to the untransformed plants, flavonoid levels increased 1.9–6-fold and 1.6–4-fold in rol B and rol C transgenics, respectively. RT qPCR analysis showed a variable expression of the flavonoid biosynthetic genes, including those encoding phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and chalcone synthase, which were found to be relatively more expressed in transformed than wild-type plants, thus correlating with the metabolite concentration. Methanolic extracts of transgenics showed higher antioxidant capacity, reducing power, and protection against free radical-induced DNA damage. Among the transgenic plants, those harboring rol B were slightly more active than the rol C-transformants.ConclusionAs well as demonstrating the effectiveness of rol genes in inducing plant secondary metabolism, this study provides insight into the molecular dynamics of the flavonoid accumulation pattern, which correlated with the expression of biosynthetic genes.

Genetic Transformation and Hairy Root Induction Enhance the Antioxidant Potential of Lactuca serriola L.

“…These results could be attributed to the functional role of the rolB gene in inducing secondary metabolite biosynthesis in hairy roots by activating their biosynthetic genes. These results are in accordance with those revealed by Chung et al [ 11 ] and Dilshad et al [ 27 ] who found that the expression levels of flavonoid biosynthetic genes in the hairy roots of Brassica rapa and Artemisia carvifolia , respectively, were higher than those in the normal roots.…”

Five Indigenous Plants of Pakistan with Antinociceptive, Anti‐Inflammatory, Antidepressant, and Anticoagulant Properties in Sprague Dawley Rats

“…W. coagulans, F. cretica, and H. nepalensis are known to have different flavonoid and phenolic compounds with several biological activities in central nerves system. Although the role of flavonoids and phenolics in these plants has not been defined as antidepressant, however these compounds are well known for antidepressant effect [ 7 , 55 , 56 ]. So, it can be suggested that these compounds may be responsible for antidepressant effect.…”

“…Right paw of each rat was injected with 0.1 ml (1%) carrageenan for edema induction. The paw volume was measured before and after the carrageenan induction at 0 h, 1 h, 2 h, 3 h, and 4 h by using Plethysmometer (UGO 7140, Basile) [ 7 ]. The percent inhibition of edema was calculated by using the following relation: where N.C represents negative control group and S.G represents sample group.…”

“…According to an estimate ~40% of new drugs approved during last two decades were of natural origin [ 2 ]. More precisely, between 1983 and 1994, 39% of the 520 newly approved drugs were either natural products themselves or their derivatives and 40–80% of drugs developed against bacterial infections and cancer were of natural origin, which indicates that the use of natural products in treating human ailments has been making rapid progress and getting popular with the passage of time [ 3 – 7 ]. Therefore, plants and their products not only hold a substantial position in drug discovery but also can play a dynamic role in the revenue generation and improving the economic conditions of developing countries like Pakistan [ 1 ].…”

Effect of vanadium(IV) on the growth of Artemisia tilesii “hairy” root culture

“…Крім того, використання культур «бородатих» коренів, отриманих шляхом трансформації з використанням ґрунтових фітопатогенних бактерій Аgrobacterium rhizogenes, дозволяє провести не тільки порівняння виживаності таких культур та коренів контрольних нетрансформованих рослин, але й встановити вплив генетичної трансформації на вторинний метаболізм в умовах абіотичного стресу, спричиненого наявністю токсичного металу у середовищі. Такі дослідження можуть базуватися на тому факті, що перенесення rol генів А. rhizogenes, які є індукторами змін вторинного метаболізму [8][9][10][11], можуть призводити до активізації синтезу у клітинах трансформованих коренів сполук з антиоксидантними або відновлювальними властивостями.…”