Role and influence of key atmospheric parameters in large-scale environmental flow associated with tropical cyclogenesis and ENSO in the North Indian Ocean basin

Albert, Jiya; Krishnan, Athira; Bhaskaran, Prasad K.; Singh, Kuvar Satya

doi:10.1007/s00382-021-05885-8

Cited by 23 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…Moreover, in tropical regions, moist convection dominates the process of transporting mass, energy, and momentum through the atmosphere (Kumar et al, 2017). Albert et al (2022) reported a 0.58 correlation between power dissipation index (PDI) and SCS category TCs from 1979 to 2019. They also found that relative humidity at 600 hPa, positive relative vorticity at 850 hPa, and reduced outgoing longwave radiation at 500 hPa have significantly contributed to the NIO's increased TC frequency.…”

Section: Role Of Atmospherementioning

confidence: 99%

The appraisal of tropical cyclones in the North Indian Ocean: An overview of different approaches and the involvement of Earth’s components

2022

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This study aims to provide a comprehensive and balanced assessment of recent scientific studies on the evolution, temporal variability and prediction of tropical cyclones (TCs), focusing on the North Indian Ocean (NIO). The involvement of earth’s components in TC genesis and intensification has been elaborated in a confined way. The advancement of multidisciplinary approaches for comprehending the TCs is highlighted after a brief description of the involvement of oceanic, atmospheric, and land surface processes. Only a few studies illustrate how land surface plays a role in TC intensification; however, the role of latent heat flow, moisture, and convection in cyclogenesis is well documented. Despite two to 3 decades of advancement and significant development in forecasting techniques and satellite products, the prediction of TC’s intensity, dissipation, track, and landfall remains a challenge. The most noticeable improvements in NIO TC’s prediction have been achieved in the last couple of decades when concord techniques are utilized, especially the data assimilation methods and dynamical coupled atmosphere-ocean regional models. Through diverse methodologies, algorithms, parameterization, in-situ observational data, data mining, boundary layer, and surface fluxes, significant research has been done to increase the skills of standalone atmospheric models and air-sea coupled models. However, some crucial issues still exist, and it is suggested that they should be addressed in future studies.

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Section: Role Of Atmospherementioning

confidence: 99%

The appraisal of tropical cyclones in the North Indian Ocean: An overview of different approaches and the involvement of Earth’s components

2022

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“…The strong winds (intensity and size), intense rainfall, storm surge, etc., in the life cycle of a tropical cyclone (TC) pose a threat to lives and property, impacting the socio-economy of the region, particularly the coastal states (Mendelsohn et al, 2012;Sun et al, 2017). An increased number of stronger TCs in the current warming period has been reported over the northwest Pacific Ocean (Kang & Elsner, 2019), the Atlantic basin (Elsner et al, 2008) and the North Indian Ocean (NIO) basin (Albert et al, 2021;Mohanty et al, 2012). Studies also demonstrated the increased damage to the coastal regions due to stronger TCs in recent years (Emanuel, 2005;Liu et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On magnitudes of rapid intensification and destruction of tropical cyclones over the North Indian Ocean

Nekkali,

Osuri,

Mohapatra

2024

Intl Journal of Climatology

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The study targets long‐term analysis of rapid intensification (RI) magnitudes and destructiveness of tropical cyclones (TCs), as well as factors that are responsible for those magnitudes over the North Indian Ocean (NIO). Out of 131 TCs during 1990–2021, 50 TCs (38%) exhibited RI in their lifetime. Results indicate that the lifetime maximum intensity (LMI) and landfall intensity (LFI), along with the potential destructive index (PDI), are directly proportional (correlation coefficient > 0.8) to the lifetime maximum intensification rate. Most RI TCs (~80%) made landfall with an average LMI, LFI and PDI of 95 knots, 85 knots and 4 × 107 knot3, respectively. And the destructive indices are more than double compared to landfalling non‐RI TCs. Recent years have witnessed an increasing trend in RI magnitude and the frequent occurrence of very RI cases (intensity change ≥50 knots in 24 h). It infers that recent TCs have achieved RI and higher magnitudes in a short duration (~20 h). The higher intensification rates are promoted by lower wind shear as well as strong surface latent and sensible heat fluxes. The higher sea surface temperature by ~0.2°C, oceanic heat content by ~60 × 107 J·m−2, lower tropospheric humidity by ~0.2 g·kg−1 and moist static energy by ~6 × 106 J·m−2 in the recent period (2007–2021) supports higher intensification rates as compared to the earlier period (1990–2006). The deep‐layer wind shear has decreased by 1.0 m·s−1 in recent years, which supports higher RI magnitudes. This study highlights the risk associated with RI magnitudes and the efforts to be made for improved predictions of higher intensification rates.

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“…In the north Indian Ocean (NIO), extreme wind speeds have been on a positive trend during the last four decades (Albert et al, 2022). Although being part of NIO, the Arabian Sea (AS) is known for rare occurrence of severe cyclonic storms in the past.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate, trends and variability of extreme winds along the southwest coast of India

Abdulla,

Aboobacker,

Vethamony

2023

Intl Journal of Climatology

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The extreme wind climate and its trends and variability of the southwest coast of India, particularly the Kerala coast, are investigated using hourly reanalysis wind speeds for the period 1979–2021. The observed maximum wind speed and 99th percentile wind speed off Kerala coast are 21.0 and 11.3 m·s−1, respectively. The predominant direction of high wind speeds is in the SW–WNW sector, which accounts for 93.5% of the total high winds. Extreme wind speeds in this region are not due to tropical cyclones alone, but also due to seasonal high winds. Seasonally, the premonsoon and SW monsoon extreme winds are predominantly in the WSW–WNW directional sector, while postmonsoon strong winds are present in all directional sectors, but predominantly in the SSW–WNW sector, followed by the E–SSE sector. The 99th percentile wind speeds during premonsoon, SW monsoon and postmonsoon are 8.8, 12.3 and 8.9 m·s−1, respectively. A significant decreasing trend is observed in the 99th percentile wind speeds during 1979–2021, ranging from 3 to 6 cm·s−1·year−1 off Kerala coast. This is in contrast with global increasing extreme wind speeds, and it can be attributed to regional variability as well as weakening of the land–sea thermal gradients associated with rising surface temperature in the Arabian Sea in the light of global warming. In addition to the long‐term declining trend and monthly as well as seasonal features, distinct interannual variations are also noticed in the 99th percentile wind speeds. Analysis shows that the atmospheric teleconnections associated with El Niño–La Niña events and Indian Ocean Dipole have an important role in the variability of extreme wind speeds. The co‐occurrence of positive (negative) IOD with El Niño (La Niña) results in a sharp decline (increase) in extreme wind speeds. Significant decadal variations are also noticed in the 99th percentile wind speeds.

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Role and influence of key atmospheric parameters in large-scale environmental flow associated with tropical cyclogenesis and ENSO in the North Indian Ocean basin

Cited by 23 publications

References 89 publications

The appraisal of tropical cyclones in the North Indian Ocean: An overview of different approaches and the involvement of Earth’s components

The appraisal of tropical cyclones in the North Indian Ocean: An overview of different approaches and the involvement of Earth’s components

On magnitudes of rapid intensification and destruction of tropical cyclones over the North Indian Ocean

Climate, trends and variability of extreme winds along the southwest coast of India

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