Role and mechanism of neural stem cells of the subventricular zone in glioblastoma

Abstract

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most frequently occurring malignant brain tumor in adults, remains mostly untreatable. Because of the heterogeneity of invasive gliomas and drug resistance associated with the tumor microenvironment, the prognosis is poor, and the survival rate of patients is low. Communication between GBMs and non-glioma cells in the tumor microenvironment plays a vital role in tumor growth and recurrence. Emerging data have suggested that neural stem cells (NSCs) in the subventricular zone (SVZ) are the cells-of-origin of gliomas, and SVZ NSC involvement is associated with the progression and recurrence of GBM. This review highlights the interaction between SVZ NSCs and gliomas, summarizes current findings on the crosstalk between gliomas and other non-glioma cells, and describes the links between SVZ NSCs and gliomas. We also discuss the role and mechanism of SVZ NSCs in glioblastoma, as well as the interventions targeting the SVZ and their therapeutic implications in glioblastoma. Taken together, understanding the biological mechanism of glioma-NSC interactions can lead to new therapeutic strategies for GBM.

Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy in Pericytes: A Key Target for the Development of New Treatments against Glioblastoma Progression

“…Tumor cell infiltration and invasion of the brain parenchyma, which provides a proliferative environment, can occur via interaction between tumor cells and parenchyma cells such as PCs [ 17 ], creating a large network of microtubes and nanotubes that favors tumor development [ 16 , 55 ]. In addition, different cancer stem cells (CSCs) are also found in the TME, making GB difficult to treat [ 38 , 56 , 57 , 58 ]. Thus, the study of the TME, including the perivascular area with peritumoral PCs, is essential to make a good diagnosis of tumor progression.…”

Current Opportunities for Targeting Dysregulated Neurodevelopmental Signaling Pathways in Glioblastoma

“…Strong evidence in the last decade has suggested that GBMs may actually arise from neural stem cells (NSCs) residing in the lining of lateral ventricles that undergo malignant transformation (reviewed in [ 27 , 28 ]). Furthermore, the same studies underscored the parallels between neural development and gliomagenesis [ 27 , 28 ].…”

“…Strong evidence in the last decade has suggested that GBMs may actually arise from neural stem cells (NSCs) residing in the lining of lateral ventricles that undergo malignant transformation (reviewed in [ 27 , 28 ]). Furthermore, the same studies underscored the parallels between neural development and gliomagenesis [ 27 , 28 ]. A comparison of the lineage hierarchy of the developing human brain to the transcriptome of GBM cells and GSCs derived from IDH-mutant astrocytoma, WHO grade 4, revealed that this type of brain tumor develops along neurodevelopmental gene programs encompassing a rapidly dividing progenitor population [ 29 ].…”

Cell-Based Therapy for the Treatment of Glioblastoma: An Update from Preclinical to Clinical Studies

“…Progenitor cells are typically found in the brain and spinal cord and easily differentiate into neural or glial progenitor cells [ 122 ]. Alongside the developing brain, the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricle has been identified as a source of adult animal NSC generation and is also subject to biopsy and cell culture [ 123 ].…”