Role and Mechanisms Lowering Cholesterol by Dietary of Probiotics and Prebiotics: A Review

Shehata, Mohamed G.; El-Sahn, Malak A.; El-Sohaimy, Sobhy A.; Youssef, Mohamed M.

doi:10.3923/jas.2019.737.746

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Hence, using alternative approaches are crucial, which are safer and more cost-effective. For a long time, probiotics have been widely used, and the hypocholesterolemic effect of them has been wellstudied in vivo and in vitro [12,20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Bacillus subtilis JQ61816 on lipid panel and expression of genes involved in cholesterol metabolism in hypercholesterolemic rats

et al. 2021

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Hypercholesterolemia is one of the major risk factors associated with the emergence and development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and atherosclerosis. The hypocholesterolemic effects of probiotics have been indicated by numerous studies. The 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) and cytochrome P450 7A1 or cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) are two important genes in choletsterol metabolism. In this study, the effects of Bacillus subtilis JQ61816 on lipid panel, hepatic enzymes and expression levels of HMGCR and CYP7A1 were investigated. Twenty-one male Wistar rats were randomly allotted to 3 experimental groups; a) negative control group (ND) fed with normal diet, b) high-fat diet group (HFD) fed with high cholesterol diet, and c) probiotic group (BS) fed with high cholesterol diet supplemented with probiotic B. subtilis. Serum analysis of treatment groups was performed to measure fasting blood sugar (FBS), lipid profile parameters, hepatic enzymes, urea, and uric acid. Our results showed that B. subtilis could reduce the level of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL and it also could increase high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level. Moreover, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and uric acid were significantly lower in BS group compare to HFD group. Furthermore, up-regulation of HMGCR and down-regulation of CYP7A1 were observed in BS group. The results of our study suggest that consumption of probiotic B. subtilis JQ61816 may prevent or decline the development of hypercholesterolemia and other cardiovascular diseases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Bacillus subtilis JQ61816 on lipid panel and expression of genes involved in cholesterol metabolism in hypercholesterolemic rats

et al. 2021

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“…The previous research described a mechanism of bacterial cholesterol absorption involving the binding of cholesterol to the bacterial cell wall [3] and then to the phospholipid bilayer membrane of probiotic cells [84]. Shehata et al [85] discovered that growing bacterial cells deposit large amounts of cholesterol and that sonication stimulates cholesterol production in Bifidobacterium breve ATCC 15700 cells by over 40%. However, the binding of cholesterol to growing probiotic cells is highly stable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of trimmed asparagus by-products supplementation in broiler diets on performance, nutrients digestibility, gut ecology, and functional meat production

et al. 2022

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Background and Aim: Trimmed asparagus by-products (TABP) is the resultant waste from asparagus possessing. TABP has fructans, such as inulins and fructooligosaccharide, which can be utilized as an alternative prebiotic. This study was conducted to examine the effect of TABP dietary supplementation on the productive performance, nutrient digestibility, gut microbiota, volatile fatty acid (VFA) content, small-intestine histology, and meat quality of broilers. Materials and Methods: A total of 320 1-day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308®) were raised under ambient temperature and assigned through a completely randomized design to one of four dietary treatments, with four replicates per treatment. The dietary treatments comprised corn-soybean basal diet supplemented with 0 (control), 10, 30, or 50 g/kg TABP. All birds were provided drinking water and feed ad libitum to meet the standard nutritional requirements of National Research Council for broiler chickens. Results: TABP supplementation to the broilers significantly increased the apparent ether extract, crude fiber, and gross energy digestibility (p<0.05). TABP supplementation significantly increased lactic bacteria and Enterococcus spp. numbers as well as acetic, propionic, butyric, and total VFA levels (p<0.01); on the other hand, it also significantly decreased Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli contents in the cecum compared with the control group (p<0.01). Moreover, TABP supplementation increased villus height in the duodenum and jejunum (p<0.01), cryptal depth in the jejunum and ileum (p<0.01), and villus surface areas in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum (p<0.01). Overall, 0-35 day TABP supplementation significantly increased the feed intake (p<0.01) and average daily gain of broilers (p<0.05), but not significantly affected the viability, productive index, and economic benefit return (p>0.05). The carcass characteristics, pH, color, and water holding capacity of the chicken meat between groups were not significantly different (p>0.05). All levels of TABP supplementation appeared to be a feasible means of producing broilers with the lower serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride levels as well as atherogenic indices of serum compared with the control (p<0.05). Cholesterol contents and palmitic acid, oleic acid, saturated fatty acids, and Monounsaturated fatty acids levels decreased with an increase of TABP supplementation (p<0.05). Furthermore, TABP supplementation decreased atherogenic index (AI) and thrombogenicity index (TI) of meat (p<0.05). Conclusion: Supplementation of 30 g/kg TABP in broiler diet could enhance broiler performance and provide chicken meat with beneficial properties, with decreased AI and TI resulted from altered cholesterol and fatty acid profiles.

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“…However, there are some reports of side effects from using these drugs. Prebiotics and probiotics are safe alternatives to lower blood cholesterol [17].…”

Section: Reduce the Risk Of Cardiovascular Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This cholesterol-lowering mechanism requires the synergistic performance of prebiotics and probiotics. The proposed mechanism was as follows [17]: 4.5.1. Bile salt deconjugation by BSH.…”

Section: Reduce the Risk Of Cardiovascular Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Mini-Review: The potential of raffinose as a prebiotic

Anggraeni

2022

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Prebiotics are dietary fiber components that cannot be digested by the human gastrointestinal tract but can be selectively fermented by bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, prebiotics provides health effects for humans. The specificity of prebiotics is determined by the bacteria that are specifically capable of fermenting the prebiotic substrate. The characteristics of prebiotic substrate need to be investigated in-vitro and in-vivo to determine the function and effectiveness of the substrate as a prebiotic. The prebiotic production process must be able to keep the prebiotic components stable. Raffinose is an oligosaccharide that has potential as a prebiotic. This article will discuss raffinose chemical structure, degrading enzymes, and health benefits as a prebiotic. Raffinose consists of 3 monomers, namely α-D-galactose, α-D-glucose, and α-D-fructose. Substrates containing raffinose-family oligosaccharides (RFOs) are the source of raffinose. Those substrates can be degraded to raffinose by the α-1,6-galactosidase. Raffinose can increase the growth of lactic acid bacteria, suppress the growth of pathogenic bacteria, increase short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), reduce constipation, inhibit the formation of putrefactive compounds from protein, and reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

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Role and Mechanisms Lowering Cholesterol by Dietary of Probiotics and Prebiotics: A Review

Cited by 8 publications

References 61 publications

Impacts of Bacillus subtilis JQ61816 on lipid panel and expression of genes involved in cholesterol metabolism in hypercholesterolemic rats

Impacts of Bacillus subtilis JQ61816 on lipid panel and expression of genes involved in cholesterol metabolism in hypercholesterolemic rats

Effect of trimmed asparagus by-products supplementation in broiler diets on performance, nutrients digestibility, gut ecology, and functional meat production

Mini-Review: The potential of raffinose as a prebiotic

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