Background:
The Amazon basin is one of the seven major geographical areas where
scorpionism is recorded. In French Guiana, 90 stings per 100,000 inhabitants
are registered per year. As the severity of cases is higher in children,
descriptive studies are needed to have a better understanding of this
pathology. The aim of the present study is to describe pediatric scorpionism
in French Guiana.
Methods:
We conducted a monocentric descriptive retrospective study on scorpion
stings in all pediatric patients admitted to Cayenne General Hospital from
January 1, 2002 to December 31, 2018.
Results:
In this survey, 132 patients were included. Of them, 63% were male. Patients
with general signs of envenomation were younger and lighter (p = 0.04). The
picture was “one sting” (95.3%) by a “big” (47.6%), “black” (60%) and “small
pincer” (58%) scorpion on the extremity of the body (84%). Stings occurred
mainly during the day, while patients changed clothes. There was no
envenomation during night. The monthly evaluation highlights that the number
of stings and percentage of general signs of envenomation were closely
connected to a composite variable including the variation of the level of
rivers (p = 0.005). Cardiac symptoms were recorded in 82% of cases with
general signs of envenomation. The presence of pulmonary; ear, nose, and
throat (ENT); or gastrointestinal symptoms are related to major envenomation
(p = 0.001, p = 0.01, and p = 0.02 respectively). Leukocytosis and glycemia
increased according to the envenomation grade whereas serum potassium and
alkaline reserve decreased. Forty-six patients needed hospitalization and
seven of them required intensive care. No patient died nor presented
sequelae at discharge from the hospital.
Conclusion:
Pediatric scorpionism in French Guiana is closely associated with child
activities and climatic conditions. Severe envenomation presented most of
the time with cardiac, pulmonary, and gastrointestinal symptoms.