Role of  1-Adrenoceptor Subtypes in Pupil Dilation Studied With Gene-Targeted Mice

Kordasz, Marcin; Manicam, Caroline; Steege, Andreas; Goloborodko, Evgeny; Amato, Claudia; Laspas, Panagiotis; Brochhausen, Christoph; Pfeiffer, Norbert; Gericke, Adrian

doi:10.1167/iovs.14-15706

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Findings in other ocular structures suggested a predominant role of the ␣ 1A -AR subtype in mediating ophthalmic artery constriction in mice, while the ␣ 1B -AR subtype was demonstrated to mediate adrenergic responses of iridial and retinal arterioles in rats and mice, respectively (3,9,12). Moreover, the ␣ 1A -AR was predominantly involved in mediating adrenergic pupil dilation of various species, including humans, rabbits, rats, and mice (17,23,25,27,41). Studies in humans who had been on medication with ␣ 1 -AR antagonists, primarily the ␣ 1A -AR-selective antagonist tamsulosin, demonstrated peripheral iris or iris dilator muscle thinning, indicative of a disuse atrophy of the iris dilator muscle when the receptor was blocked (11,30,33).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Role of α₁-adrenoceptor subtypes on corneal epithelial thickness and cell proliferation in mice

Musayeva

Manicam

Steege³

et al. 2018

American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology

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Adrenergic stimuli are important for corneal epithelial structure and healing. The purpose of the present study was to examine the hypothesis that the lack of a single α1-adrenoceptor (α1-AR) subtype affects corneal epithelial thickness and cell proliferation. Expression levels of α1-AR mRNA were determined in mouse cornea using real-time PCR. In mice devoid of one of the three α1-AR subtypes (α1A-AR−/−, α1B-AR−/−, α1D-AR−/−) and in wild-type controls, thickness of individual corneal layers, the number of epithelial cell layers, and average epithelial cell size were determined in cryosections. Endothelial cell density and morphology were calculated in corneal explants, and epithelial cell proliferation rate was determined with immunofluorescence microscopy. Moreover, the ultrastructure of the corneal epithelium was examined by transmission electron microscopy. Messenger RNA for all three α1-AR subtypes was expressed in whole cornea and in corneal epithelium from wild-type mice with a rank order of abundance of α1A ≥ α1B > α1D. In contrast, no α1-AR mRNA was detected in the stroma, and only α1B-AR mRNA was found in the Descemet endothelial complex. Remarkably, corneal epithelial thickness and mean epithelial cell size were reduced in α1A-AR−/− mice. Our findings suggest that the α1A-AR exerts growth effects in mouse corneal epithelial cells.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Role of α₁-adrenoceptor subtypes on corneal epithelial thickness and cell proliferation in mice

Musayeva

Manicam

Steege³

et al. 2018

American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology

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“…Pupils dilate to survey the landscape for other predators and identify potential escape routes. Mydriasis is mediated primarily via α-1 receptors ( 2 ). In addition, and perhaps more clinically relevant to critical care, α-1 facilitates the diversion and optimization of blood flow for the sympathetic response, shunting blood away from the viscera, skin, and splanchnic system so that it is available to the muscles ( 3 – 5 ).…”

Section: Module 2: Overview Of Adrenoreceptor Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Running from a Bear: How We Teach Vasopressors, Adrenoreceptors, and Shock

et al. 2023

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Vasopressors are widely used in the management of shock among critically ill patients. The physiology of vasopressors and adrenoreceptors and their effects on end organs therefore represent important, high-yield topics for learners in the critical care environment. In this report, we describe our approach to teaching this core concept using the stereotypical human physiologic response when running from a bear, in the context of the relevant supporting literature. We use escaping from a threatening predator as a lens to describe the end-organ effects of activating adrenoreceptors together with the effects of endogenous and exogenous catecholamines and vasopressors. After reviewing this foundational physiology, we transition to the clinical environment, reviewing the pathophysiology of various shock states. We then consolidate our teaching by integrating the physiology of adrenoreceptors with the pathophysiology of shock to understand the appropriateness of each therapy to various shock phenotypes. We emphasize to learners the importance of generating a hypothesis about a patient’s physiology, testing that hypothesis with an intervention, and then revising the hypothesis as needed, a critical component in the management of critically ill patients.

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“…This approach is satisfactory when all subjects can be dilated to a similar ocular pupil size but is ill-suited to subjects with smaller ocular pupil diameters such as juveniles and older adults. 11,12 Current AOOs have small fields of view (FOV), typically ±1.5 • , which is set by the largest area that can be imaged while maintaining diffraction limited resolution through a fully dilated ocular pupil. 13,14 This diffraction limited area is called the isoplanatic patch.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First order solution generation for reflective dual-conjugate zoom systems

Teverovsky,

Smith,

Bentley

2024

Optical Design and Engineering IX

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Adaptive optics (AO) ophthalmoscopy is a powerful technique for imaging retinas of living subjects at single-cell resolution. Traditional AO ophthalmoscopes use a fixed exit pupil diameter which is matched to the ocular pupil of a subject. A more efficient ophthalmoscope would allow for a variable exit pupil size to match the variable ocular pupil size of a subject. One method to achieve this is an optical zoom system. To make a zoom system appropriate for use in adaptive optics ophthalmoscopy it must be simultaneously well-corrected for both the field conjugate and the pupil conjugate such that the aberration correction can be successfully applied. The system must also be made of reflective optics to minimize chromatic aberration and spurious back reflections propagating through the system. Both these factors make for an extremely novel zoom system that requires new tools and methods to be developed in order to realize successful designs.We present here our work developing a new first-order starting point generator which creates valid first-order solutions that satisfy all the constraints of the system. We then show our techniques for modeling and optimizing the simultaneous conjugates of the system throughout the process of unobscuring the system. We find that to achieve the selected specifications that freeform optics must be introduced to the system to correct residual errors created during the unobscuring process.

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Role of 1-Adrenoceptor Subtypes in Pupil Dilation Studied With Gene-Targeted Mice

Abstract: The α₁-AR-induced mydriasis in mice is mediated mainly by the α₁A-AR, with a smaller contribution of the α₁B-AR, matching the relative abundance of these subtypes at the mRNA level. The lack of a single α₁-AR subtype does not appear to cause atrophy in the mouse iris.

Cited by 11 publications

References 34 publications

Role of α₁-adrenoceptor subtypes on corneal epithelial thickness and cell proliferation in mice

Role of α₁-adrenoceptor subtypes on corneal epithelial thickness and cell proliferation in mice

Running from a Bear: How We Teach Vasopressors, Adrenoreceptors, and Shock

First order solution generation for reflective dual-conjugate zoom systems

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Role of 1-Adrenoceptor Subtypes in Pupil Dilation Studied With Gene-Targeted Mice

Abstract: The α₁-AR-induced mydriasis in mice is mediated mainly by the α₁A-AR, with a smaller contribution of the α₁B-AR, matching the relative abundance of these subtypes at the mRNA level. The lack of a single α₁-AR subtype does not appear to cause atrophy in the mouse iris.

Cited by 11 publications

References 34 publications

Role of α1-adrenoceptor subtypes on corneal epithelial thickness and cell proliferation in mice

Role of α1-adrenoceptor subtypes on corneal epithelial thickness and cell proliferation in mice

Running from a Bear: How We Teach Vasopressors, Adrenoreceptors, and Shock

First order solution generation for reflective dual-conjugate zoom systems

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Role of α₁-adrenoceptor subtypes on corneal epithelial thickness and cell proliferation in mice

Role of α₁-adrenoceptor subtypes on corneal epithelial thickness and cell proliferation in mice