Role of a novel cationic gemini surfactant (CGS) on a one-step sol–gel process and photocatalytic properties of TiO2 powders

Abstract

TiO2 nanoparticles were prepared using a sol–gel process in combination with a novel cationic gemini surfactant (CGS) with amide functional groups at low temperatures. Titanium (IV) isopropoxide (TIP) and CGS were used as the starting materials and as effective agents, respectively, to orient the nanoparticles during the sol–gel synthesis. To reveal both the structural and morphological properties of the nanopowders prepared in this work, they were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area apparatus. The pore volume and pore size were calculated using the Barrett–Joyner–Halenda (BJH) model on the desorption branch. The experimental results show that the surface area and average crystallite size of the obtained TiO2 nanopowders vary between 160–203 m2/g and 27–49 nm, respectively. It was observed that the N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms for almost all samples of TiO2–X% CGS (X: mass of CGS) show the typical Type I with a hysteresis loop of H4. The photocatalytic activities of the CGS-modified nanocomposites are evaluated not only by the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange (MO) but also by the reduction of Cr(VI) as model pollutants in the presence of visible light. HIGHLIGHT Utilized in this survey is a cationic gemini surfactant that has a similar CTAB structure and has two long chains and cationic head groups and are preferred morphology agents. Compared to one head group with CTAB, a novel synthesized cationic surfactant with two long chains is anticipated to positively affect both the properties of catalyst structures and data of photocatalytic degradation of model pollutants.

Highly Efficient Photocathodic Protection Performance of ZIS@CNNs Composites under Visible Light

“…According to tion isotherm, the SBET of CNNs was 656.965 m 2 /g, while the SBET of 30% ZIS@ posite decreased sharply to 47.239 m 2 /g. The pore size distribution of 30% composite and CNNs were analyzed according to the Barrett−Joyner−Halend proach [41], The average pore diameters of 30% ZIS@CNNs composite and about 13.049 and 4.380 nm, respectively, indicating that both materials are m structures. Figure 4a,b shows the N 2 adsorption-desorption curves and pore size distributions isotherms of CNNs and 30% ZIS@CNNs composite, respectively.…”

Micellization, aggregation, interaction, and solubilization behaviors of mixed solutions of cationic gemini and nonionic surfactants

“…For gemini surfactants (GS) to be used more widely in industrial applications, their synergy with traditional surfactants is becoming very crucial. GS have great significance due to their widespread use in different industrial and academic applications (Ahire & Bhagwat, 2017; Keşir et al, 2022; Kumar et al, 2023; Liang et al, 2023). Consequently, it is essential to realize the self‐association and micellization of mixed systems with a novel GS.…”