Role of Abscisic Acid in Plant Stress

Abstract

The multifaceted role of Abscisic acid (ABA) as a phytohormone of great repute cannot be overstated. ABA right after its synthesis within plastids embark on a quest to find specific receptors. On binding these receptors a complex signaling cascade is triggered that ultimately modulates gene expression and other cellular processes, responsible for normal growth and development processes of plants. Under abiotic and biotic stresses ABA levels change tremendously, triggering a cascade of physiological responses that help the plant adapt to its environment. A deeper understanding of ABA’s mechanisms like understanding its metabolic pathways or its regulation at genetic and epigenetic levels hold the promise of enhancing crop productivity and resilience in the face of the daunting challenges posed by a changing climate. Use of gene editing techniques like CRISPER-Cas technology, regulating the ABA mediated stress responsive genes, using RNAi and modifying the intragenic and promoter regions of the genes involved in ABA biosynthesis are a few methods which can enhance the ABA production or ABA mediated response to tolerate the stress conditions. In essence, ABA is a paramount player in plant stress responses, and unlocking its mysteries holds the potential to revolutionize agriculture and safeguard food security.