Role of acidosis-sensitive microRNAs in gene expression and functional parameters of tumors in vitro and in vivo

Rauschner, Mandy; Hüsing, Thea; Lange, Luisa; Jarosik, Kristin; Reime, Sarah; Riemann, Anne; Thews, Oliver

doi:10.1016/j.neo.2021.11.005

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…Hypoxia is frequently established by using particular types of chambers and by limiting the O 2 % to ≤ 5 (0–2% is most common for the TME) [ 36 , 37 ] by culturing the cells in a gas chamber with an oxygen sensor and using N 2 to deplete oxygen [ 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 ]. When introducing acidosis, the cells are cultured in media with pH < 7.4 (6.4–6.8 pH is the average for TME experiments) [ 34 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 ]. Glucose deprivation in 2D cancer cells is performed by culturing the cells in glucose-free [ 46 , 47 ] or low-glucose [ 35 ] media ( Table 1 ).…”

Section: Icd In 2d Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Veritas: From 2D Cultures to Organ-on-a-Chip Models to Study Immunogenic Cell Death in the Tumor Microenvironment

Krysko

Demuynck

Efimova

et al. 2022

Cells

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Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a functionally unique form of cell death that promotes a T-cell-dependent anti-tumor immune response specific to antigens originating from dying cancer cells. Many anticancer agents and strategies induce ICD, but despite their robust effects in vitro and in vivo on mice, translation into the clinic remains challenging. A major hindrance in antitumor research is the poor predictive ability of classic 2D in vitro models, which do not consider tumor biological complexity, such as the contribution of the tumor microenvironment (TME), which plays a crucial role in immunosuppression and cancer evasion. In this review, we describe different tumor models, from 2D cultures to organ-on-a-chip technology, as well as spheroids and perfusion bioreactors, all of which mimic the different degrees of the TME complexity. Next, we discuss how 3D cell cultures can be applied to study ICD and how to increase the translational potential of the ICD inducers. Finally, novel research directions are provided regarding ICD in the 3D cellular context which may lead to novel immunotherapies for cancer.

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