Role of active and environmental tobacco smoke on susceptibility to osteoporosis in women undergoing dual-X-ray absorptiometry

Abstract

Purpose Current smoking is a risk factor for osteoporosis (Op), but few data are available regarding the passive smoke impact on Op susceptibility. This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the association between the smoking habits and Op in community-dwelling women undergoing dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Methods On 01/06/2018, general practitioners from “COMEGEN” Medical Cooperative, Naples, Italy, selected the medical records from the last 10 years of women who had a measurement of bone mineral density performed and simultaneously completed a questionnaire about their smoking behaviour and their cohabiters’. The binary logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the role of passive smoke on the risk of Op, adjusting for age and body mass index (BMI). Results Among 10,616 subjects, 3942 were currently smokers [CS; mean age 69.4 ± 10.4 years; BMI 27.0 ± 4.9 kg/m2], 873 were passive smokers (PS; mean age 67.8 ± 11.6 years; BMI 27.0 ± 4.9 kg/m2) and 5781 were never smokers (NS; mean age 67.8 ± 11.6 years; body mass index (BMI) 27.0 ± 4.9 kg/m2). Of all, 8562 women (mean age 70.3 ± 10.2 yrs; BMI 27.0 ± 4.9 kg/m2) received the Op diagnosis. PS showed an increased Op risk compared to NS [odds ratio (OR) 1.38 (1.14–1.67)] and comparable to CS [OR 1.02 (0.84–1.24)]. Conclusion The study results demonstrate an association between passive smoke and Op in community-dwelling women already presenting with susceptibility to Op according to Italian essential assistance levels, suggesting that passive and active smoke are equivalent Op risk factors in women.

Smoking habits and osteoporosis in community-dwelling men subjected to dual-X-ray absorptiometry: a cross-sectional study

“…This study is part of the SIMON (in Italian SIndrome Metabolica, Osteoporosi e Nefrolitiasi, metabolic syndrome, osteoporosis, and nephrolithiasis) protocol [12][13][14][15] The SIMON study is based on clinical data provided by general practitioners, belonging to the "COMEGEN" (in Italian COoperativa di MEdicina GENerale) Medical Cooperative, operating in the Local Health Unit (in Italian Azienda Sanitaria Locale, ASL) Naples 1 (Fig. 1).…”

“…(C) Do your cohabitants or co-workers smoke in your presence? [12]. In case of positive answer to question A with cigarette consumption for at least 6 months, the subjects were classified as Current Smokers (CS).…”

“…Indeed, in Italy, according by essential levels of assistance (EALs, In Italian Livelli essenziali di assistenza) guaranteed by the Italian Ministry of Health, subjects that smoke more than 20 cigarettes/day must receive a DXA examination [11]. Available data regarding the relationship between ETS and Op are poor and mainly referred to women [12]. Few information is available regarding the Op risk in men exposed to ETS.…”