Role of Adipokines and Hormones of Obesity in Childhood Asthma

Yüksel, Hasan; Söğüt, Ayhan; Yılmaz, Özge; Onur, Ece; Dinç, Gönül

doi:10.4168/aair.2012.4.2.98

Cited by 68 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Our findings corroborate those of Yuksel et al, who concluded that leptin plays a role in the severity of asthma in children. (30) Our data support the hypothesis that obese patients with asthma exhibit Th1 polarization, whereas lean patients with asthma exhibit Th2 polarization, and that IFN-γ might be a pathway in the process of leptin-induced inflammation. This suggests that, in obese subjects with asthma, Th1 polarization might be modulated more by obesity and less by asthma itself, and this is supported by the lack of correlation between leptin and IFN-γ levels and between leptin and IgE levels in obese children with asthma.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

The influence of leptin on Th1/Th2 balance in obese children with asthma

et al. 2013

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Objective: In individuals with asthma, obesity induces the production of leptin and is associated with disease severity. Our objective was to evaluate the levels of serum leptin and their effect on Th1/Th2 balance in obese and non-obese children with asthma, as well as to investigate the association between serum leptin levels and clinical outcomes. Methods: We evaluated 50 atopic children with physician-diagnosed moderate-to-severe persistent asthma and 20 controls. The children with asthma were divided into two groups, by body mass index percentile: obese (n = 25) and non-obese (n = 25). From all subjects, we collected peripheral blood samples in order to determine the levels of leptin, IFN-γ, and IL-4. Asthma severity was assessed by an asthma symptom score, and the results were correlated with the parameters studied. Results: Serum leptin levels were significantly higher in the obese asthma group than in the non-obese asthma group, as well as being significantly higher in the children with asthma than in the controls, whereas IFN-γ levels were significantly higher and IL-4 levels were significantly lower in the obese asthma group than in the non-obese asthma group. In addition, the obese asthma group showed higher asthma symptom scores and significantly lower FEV 1 (% of predicted) than did the non-obese asthma group. There was a significant positive correlation between leptin and IFN-γ levels only in the obese asthma group. Conclusions: Although leptin is involved in the pathogenesis of asthma in obese and non-obese children, its effect is more pronounced in the former. In the presence of high leptin levels, only obese children with asthma exhibited Th1 polarization, with higher IFN-γ levels and greater asthma severity.Keywords: Leptin; Asthma; Interferon-gamma; Interleukin-4. ResumoObjetivo: A obesidade induz a produção de leptina em asmáticos e está associada à gravidade da doença. Nosso objetivo foi avaliar os níveis de leptina sérica e seu efeito no equilíbrio Th1/Th2 em crianças asmáticas obesas e não obesas e investigar a associação desses níveis com desfechos clínicos. Métodos: O estudo envolveu 50 crianças atópicas com diagnóstico médico de asma persistente moderada a grave e 20 controles. Os asmáticos foram agrupados como obesos (n = 25) e não obesos (n = 25) de acordo com o percentil do índice de massa corpórea. Amostras de sangue periférico foram coletadas de todos os sujeitos, e os níveis de leptina, IFN-γ e IL-4 foram determinados. A gravidade da asma foi avaliada por um escore de sintomas de asma, e os resultados foram correlacionados com os parâmetros estudados. Resultados: Os níveis séricos de leptina foram significativamente maiores nos asmáticos obesos do que nos asmáticos não obesos, assim como nos asmáticos comparados aos controles, enquanto os níveis de IFN-γ foram significativamente maiores e os de IL-4 foram significativamente menores nos asmáticos obesos do que nos asmáticos não obesos. Os asmáticos obesos tiveram maiores escores de sintomas de asma e VEF 1 (% do previsto) si...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

The influence of leptin on Th1/Th2 balance in obese children with asthma

et al. 2013

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“…The p value of the ghrelin levels was >0.05; however, the small number of subjects evaluated in this study might have prevented us from finding a significant difference. Yuksel et al reported that the levels of ghrelin are decreased in children with asthma [15]. They surmised that ghrelin competes against IgE, IL-6 and TNF-α, which may affect the development of asthma.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although asthma is similar to COPD in particular in terms of chronic respiratory inflammation, it has been reported that the adiponectin levels are decreased in children with asthma [15]. Sood et al demonstrated that adults with the histories of asthma have lower mean unadjusted serum adiponectin concentrations than those without asthma [16,17].…”

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confidence: 99%

Low-molecular-weight adiponectin is more closely associated with episodes of asthma than high-molecular-weight adiponectin

et al. 2013

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Adiponectin plays various rolls in energy metabolism [1], lipid metabolism [2][3][4] and appestat regulation [5]. It has also attracted considerable attention regarding its anti-inflammatory activities, including inhibiting immune responses in macrophages [6,7]. Adiponectin activates AMP kinase, resulting in decreased NF-κb activity and decreased levels of CRP mRNA and proteins [8]. However, Schaffler et al. reported that increased adiponectin levels occur concomitantly with inflammatory responses [9]. They activated two monocytic cell lines with adiponectin and analyzed the subunit of NF-κb in different leukocyte cell lines [10].Low-molecular-weight adiponectin is more closely associated with episodes of asthma than high-molecularweight adiponectin Yuuki Matsumoto 1) , Kouji Toyomasu 2) , Naohisa Uchimura 3) and Tatsuya Ishitake Abstract. Adiponectin is divided into high-molecular-weight (HMW), middle-molecular-weight (MMW) and lowmolecular-weight (LMW) types. While HMW adiponectin has been studied by many researchers, the roles of MMW and LMW adiponectin have not yet been sufficiently elucidated. In addition, there are conflicting findings regarding the role of adiponectin in chronic inflammatory diseases, especially asthma. Therefore, we compared patients who suffered episodes of asthma in the past (=asthmatics) with those who did not (=non-asthmatics) in order to investigate the relationship between asthma and HMW, MMW and LMW adiponectin. The subjects in this study included 76 university students.None of the subjects were smokers, on regular medications or seeing a doctor regularly at the time. Fourteen subjects reported past histories of asthma. We also measured and compared the levels of leptin and ghrelin to that of adiponectin, as these hormones are connected with inflammatory conditions. Although the physical data of the asthmatics were similar to those of the non-asthmatics, the levels of ghrelin and all fractions of adiponectin tended to be lower in the asthmatics than in the non-asthmatics. While the levels of MMW and LMW adiponectin in the asthmatics were found to be significantly low, the levels of ghrelin and HMW adiponectin were not clear. According to a multivariate regression analysis of the MMW and LMW adiponectin levels, asthma was found to be more significantly associated with the LMW adiponectin level than age, waist circumference or HDL-C. The results suggest that LMW adiponectin may be associated with episodes of asthma in males. Keywords

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“…Surely, some part of the link can be explained by overestimation due to fat mass on the thoracic chest mimicking asthma symptoms (65) ; part of the weight increase may also be due to medication or decreased activity caused by exercise-induced wheezing attacks, resulting in reverse causation (61) . There is no doubt that the endocrine role of adipose tissue (adipokines) is a strong physiological link and very plausibly could be a mechanism in causing a chain of disruption leading to inflammation and narrowing of airways (98,(105)(106)(107) . Despite existing evidence indicating that adipokines may be a plausible link between obesity and asthma, clinical studies bring inconclusive results.…”

Section: Possible Linksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between obesity and asthma – epidemiology, pathophysiology and clinical profile

2016

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Obesity is a risk factor for asthma, and obese asthmatics have lower disease control and increased symptom severity. Several putative links have been proposed, including genetics, mechanical restriction of the chest and the intake of corticosteroids. The most consistent evidence, however, comes from studies of cytokines produced by the adipose tissue called adipokines. Adipokine imbalance is associated with both proinflammatory status and asthma. Although reverse causation has been proposed, it is now acknowledged that obesity precedes asthma symptoms. Nevertheless, prenatal origins of both conditions complicate the search for causality. There is a confirmed role of neuro-immune cross-talk mediating obesityinduced asthma, with leptin playing a key role in these processes. Obesity-induced asthma is now considered a distinct asthma phenotype. In fact, it is one of the most important determinants of asthma phenotypes. Two main subphenotypes have been distinguished. The first phenotype, which affects adult women, is characterised by later onset and is more likely to be non-atopic. The childhood obesity-induced asthma phenotype is characterised by primary and predominantly atopic asthma. In obesity-induced asthma, the immune responses are shifted towards T helper (Th) 1 polarisation rather than the typical atopic Th2 immunological profile. Moreover, obese asthmatics might respond differently to environmental triggers. The high cost of treatment of obesity-related asthma, and the burden it causes for the patients and their families call for urgent intervention. Phenotype-specific approaches seem to be crucial for the success of prevention and treatment.

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Role of Adipokines and Hormones of Obesity in Childhood Asthma

Cited by 68 publications

References 32 publications

The influence of leptin on Th1/Th2 balance in obese children with asthma

The influence of leptin on Th1/Th2 balance in obese children with asthma

Low-molecular-weight adiponectin is more closely associated with episodes of asthma than high-molecular-weight adiponectin

Association between obesity and asthma – epidemiology, pathophysiology and clinical profile

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