2022
DOI: 10.1186/s12987-022-00357-5
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Role of aging in Blood–Brain Barrier dysfunction and susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection: impacts on neurological symptoms of COVID-19

Abstract: COVID-19, which is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has resulted in devastating morbidity and mortality worldwide due to lethal pneumonia and respiratory distress. In addition, the central nervous system (CNS) is well documented to be a target of SARS-CoV-2, and studies detected SARS-CoV-2 in the brain and the cerebrospinal fluid of COVID-19 patients. The blood–brain barrier (BBB) was suggested to be the major route of SARS-CoV-2 infection of the brain. Functionally, the… Show more

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Cited by 20 publications
(11 citation statements)
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“…Interestingly, extensive perivascular leukocyte cuffing reportedly occurs only in a subset of COVID-19 decedents, suggesting that individual risk factors contribute to CNS presentation of infection (Agrawal et al, 2022; Thakur et al ., 2021). Individual risk factors related to Cav-1 and other regulators of BBB adhesion and permeability may modify leukocytic infiltration and neurologic symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection (Adesse et al, 2022; Iadecola et al, 2020; Monje and Iwasaki, 2022; Teuwen et al, 2020; Vanderheiden and Klein, 2022; Vavougios et al, 2022).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Interestingly, extensive perivascular leukocyte cuffing reportedly occurs only in a subset of COVID-19 decedents, suggesting that individual risk factors contribute to CNS presentation of infection (Agrawal et al, 2022; Thakur et al ., 2021). Individual risk factors related to Cav-1 and other regulators of BBB adhesion and permeability may modify leukocytic infiltration and neurologic symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection (Adesse et al, 2022; Iadecola et al, 2020; Monje and Iwasaki, 2022; Teuwen et al, 2020; Vanderheiden and Klein, 2022; Vavougios et al, 2022).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…BBB damage due to inflammation is a final common pathway in many brain infections as well, allowing pathogens and immune cells access to the brain, and leading to CNS damage. For example, an inflammatory cytokine-mediated pathway is implicated for the BBB disruption seen in encephalitis caused by viruses such as Japanese encephalitis virus ( JEV) [51,95], herpes simplex virus (HSV) [52,53], West Nile virus (WNV) [96,97] and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) [98,99] and in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) [56,100]. Several studies have provided evidence for an important role for inflammation in BBB BBB disruption is implicated in many neurological infections and diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, ischaemic stroke as well as viral infections such as SARS-CoV-2, and peripheral diseases such as atrial fibrillation.…”
Section: Mechanisms Of Bbb Disruptionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Multiple attempts have been made to identify vulnerable populations by examining the predictors of risk of infection and the severity of COVID-19. The following factors were identified as potential contributors to the disparity in exposure to the infection, morbidity, and mortality of COVID-19: race/ethnic differences, older age, living with multiple chronic conditions, genetic differences in Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) alleles, low socioeconomic status, and limited access to care (28)(29)(30)(31).…”
Section: Long Covid In Social Determinants Of Health Contextmentioning
confidence: 99%