Role of AHR, NF-kB and CYP1A1 crosstalk with the X protein of Hepatitis B virus in hepatocellular carcinoma cells

Harnessing CD8+ T cell dynamics in hepatitis B virus‐associated liver diseases: Insights, therapies and future directions

“… 171 , 172 , 173 As an example, AHR would play an essential role in HBx‐mediated HBV mechanisms, with the potential to contribute towards the progression of HCC following HBV infection. 174 In HCC, tumour cells can promote the expression of pro‐proliferative genes and inhibit cell cycle inhibitory molecules to promote proliferative capacity via the IDO1‐AHR‐β‐catenin pathway. 175 Alternatively, binding of KYN to AHR increases PD‐1 expression on tumour‐specific CD8 + T cells and induces differentiation and activation of immunosuppressive Tregs and facilitates the recruitment of tolerogenic myeloid cells.…”

“…AHR is an endogenous KYN receptor that is thought to be important in immunomodulation and tumour development 171–173 . As an example, AHR would play an essential role in HBx‐mediated HBV mechanisms, with the potential to contribute towards the progression of HCC following HBV infection 174 . In HCC, tumour cells can promote the expression of pro‐proliferative genes and inhibit cell cycle inhibitory molecules to promote proliferative capacity via the IDO1‐AHR‐β‐catenin pathway 175 .…”