Role of allelopathic crop mulches and reduced doses of tank-mixed herbicides in managing herbicide-resistant Phalaris minor in wheat

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“…These results were in line with Kothari and Singh (1994) who reported significant reduction in weed density and dry weight due to mulching in menthol mint (Mentha piperita L.). Similarly Abbas et al (2018) reported that sorghum was more phytotoxic against Phalaris minor either alone or in a combination with herbicide mixtures as compared to sunflower (Helianthus annus L.), rice and maize (Zea mays L.).…”

Crop Mulches for Increased Weed Control and Rice Productivity

“…The enhanced rice growth parameters with application of maize/mucuna/cymbopogon mulches may be attributed to additive positive allelopathic effects of the biocompounds, particularly1,4-Eicosadiene,2,5 -Di-tert-butylphenol,3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl-2hexadecen-1-ol and (9Z)-9-Icosen-1-ol profiled by Kaiira et al [20] in the stover of maize and mucuna, on physiological processes such as nutrient uptake that affect rice growth. [17,6] reported increased weed emergence and seedling growth from wheat fields treated with allelopathic mulches which were partially attributed to the hormetic effects of the allelochemicals at low concentrations. Munir [21] reported that allelopathic extracts lethal to young weeds but stimulatory to crops may be attributed to enhanced membrane stability and water relations among other mechanisms.…”

“…Weed suppression using allelopathic mulches can be achieved through crop rotation or intercropping. Residues of allelopathic plants may be left on the soil as mulch after harvesting crops in reduced tillage systems [5] or may be incorporated into the soil in conventional tillage systems where they release putative allelochemicals during decomposition Ashraf [5], Abbas [6] noted that mulching is only effective against weeds before or during germination and does not provide effective weed control if done after weed emergence. Nevertheless, the use of allelopathic plant residues has been reported to be an effective way of suppressing weeds because the allelochemicals are released in the soil environment in close proximity to weed seeds or the roots of weed seedlings and can therefore be readily absorbed by the receiver plant [7].…”

“…Consequently, accumulation of allelochemicals in the soil results in suppression of seed germination and plant growth, decrease in the volume of primary roots and increased secondary roots, reduced uptake of water and nutrients and subsequently chlorosis ultimately resulting in the death of the plant [16]. Abbas et al [6] reported that combining sorghum, rice and maize mulches with reduced herbicide mixtures increased little seed canary grass mortality up to 98%, significantly reduced dry weed biomass and provided up to 92% weed control efficiency. Increased weed emergence and seedling growth was reported from fields treated with allelopathic mulches which could be partially attributed to the hormetic effects of the allelochemicals at low concentrations [17].…”

Allelopathic potential of 73 weed species in Pakistan

“…In crop production, weed management through allelopathy is beneficial and environmentally friendly. Allelochemicals have shorter half-lives with different chemical structures and diverse modes of action (Appiah et al, 2015;Abbas et al, 2018). A diverse flora of about 6 000 vascular plants including weeds of agro-ecosystem are reported from Pakistan .…”