Role of Aminoalcoholphosphotransferases 1 and 2 in Phospholipid Homeostasis in Arabidopsis

Liu, Yu; Wang, Geliang; Wang, Xuemin

doi:10.1105/tpc.15.00180

Cited by 53 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The sequential methylation performed by phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEM) has not been identified in plants or in N. oceanica in this study (lack of the PEM gene; Fig. 4B; Liu et al, 2015). Therefore, it is suggested that, similar to plants, the synthesis from choline/ ethanolamine to PC/PE, via the intermediate CDPcholine/ethanolamine, is essential for Nannochloropsis spp.…”

Section: Acyl Editing Of Newly Synthesized Phospholipidsmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Therefore, it is suggested that, similar to plants, the synthesis from choline/ ethanolamine to PC/PE, via the intermediate CDPcholine/ethanolamine, is essential for Nannochloropsis spp. during cell growth (Liu et al, 2015). Plant-based similarities of this pathway also are seen in the sequence homology between the putative CPT of N. oceanica (No_664) and the Arabidopsis genes AAPT1 and AAPT2 (Goode and Dewey, 1999).…”

Section: Acyl Editing Of Newly Synthesized Phospholipidsmentioning

confidence: 84%

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Mechanisms of Phosphorus Acquisition and Lipid Class Remodeling under P Limitation in a Marine Microalga

et al. 2017

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. Previous studies point to P limitation-induced changes in lipid composition. As, in microalgae, the molecular mechanisms of this specific P stress adaptation remain unresolved, we reveal a detailed phospholipid-recycling scheme in Nannochloropsis oceanica and describe important P acquisition genes based on highly corresponding transcriptome and lipidome data. Initial responses to P limitation showed increased expression of genes involved in P uptake and an expansion of the P substrate spectrum based on purple acid phosphatases. Increase in P trafficking displayed a rearrangement between compartments by supplying P to the chloroplast and carbon to the cytosol for lipid synthesis. We propose a novel phospholipid-recycling scheme for algae that leads to the rapid reduction of phospholipids and synthesis of the P-free lipid classes. P mobilization through membrane lipid degradation is mediated mainly by two glycerophosphoryldiester phosphodiesterases and three patatin-like phospholipases A on the transcriptome level. To compensate for low phospholipids in exponential growth, N. oceanica synthesized sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol and diacylglyceroltrimethylhomoserine. In this study, it was shown that an N. oceanica strain has a unique repertoire of genes that facilitate P acquisition and the degradation of phospholipids compared with other stramenopiles. The novel phospholipid-recycling scheme opens new avenues for metabolic engineering of lipid composition in algae.Phosphorus (P) availability is often a limiting factor in aquatic ecosystems (Van Mooy et al., 2009). In some microalgae, nutrient starvation limits cell division and leads to the accumulation of organic carbon (e.g. in the form of triacylglycerols [TAGs]). To cope with P limitation, the interplay of P recycling and changes in lipid classes is observed in the open sea and in culture studies of several stramenopiles and green algae (Van Mooy et al., 2009;Martin et al., 2011;Cañavate et al., 2017b). These studies showed a taxonomically diverse lipid response under P stress with unresolved questions related to the diversified mechanism behind the lipid responses. So far, only cursory insights into the lipidremodeling process have been provided by either transcriptomic or lipidomic studies on P limitation (Riekhof et al., 2005;Cruz de Carvalho et al., 2016;Shemi et al., 2016;Cañavate et al., 2017b). To capture the taxonomically diverse response and niche partitioning, studies include ecological successful algae, such as Emiliania huxleyi and Thalassiosira pseudonana (Lessard et al., 2005;Van Mooy et al., 2009), and algae featuring high resilience and lipid content during low P, like Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Nannochloropsis spp. (Rodolfi et al., 2009;Yang et al., 2013;Mayers et al., 2014;Abida et al., 2015). During these studies, focus is often on changes of long-chain fatty acids (FAs) and their contribution to lipid classes in specific pathways [OPEN] Articles can be viewed without a subscription. www.plantphysiol.org/cgi

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Section: Acyl Editing Of Newly Synthesized Phospholipidsmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Acyl Editing Of Newly Synthesized Phospholipidsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Mechanisms of Phosphorus Acquisition and Lipid Class Remodeling under P Limitation in a Marine Microalga

et al. 2017

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“…At face value, GPCAT activity may be part of a recycling pathway to restore PC levels following PC turnover via deacylating phospholipases. On a more complex level, GPCAT has been suggested to be involved in various aspects of acyl editing and phospholipid remodeling in yeast and plants (14–16). Overall, it can be assumed that PC homeostasis is maintained by the concerted action of GPCAT, lysophospholipid lipases, and lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferases (LPCATs), in addition to the major pathways of PC biosynthesis (the CDP-choline and methylation pathways).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cloning of Glycerophosphocholine Acyltransferase (GPCAT) from Fungi and Plants

Głąb

Beganovic

Anaokar

et al. 2016

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Glycero-3-phosphocholine (GPC), the product of the complete deacylation of phosphatidylcholine (PC), was long thought to not be a substrate for reacylation. However, it was recently shown that cell-free extracts from yeast and plants could acylate GPC with acyl groups from acyl-CoA. By screening enzyme activities of extracts derived from a yeast knock-out collection, we were able to identify and clone the yeast gene (GPC1) encoding the enzyme, named glycerophosphocholine acyltransferase (GPCAT). By homology search, we also identified and cloned GPCAT genes from three plant species. All enzymes utilize acyl-CoA to acylate GPC, forming lyso-PC, and they show broad acyl specificities in both yeast and plants. In addition to acyl-CoA, GPCAT efficiently utilizes LPC and lysophosphatidylethanolamine as acyl donors in the acylation of GPC. GPCAT homologues were found in the major eukaryotic organism groups but not in prokaryotes or chordates. The enzyme forms its own protein family and does not contain any of the acyl binding or lipase motifs that are present in other studied acyltransferases and transacylases. In vivo labeling studies confirm a role for Gpc1p in PC biosynthesis in yeast. It is postulated that GPCATs contribute to the maintenance of PC homeostasis and also have specific functions in acyl editing of PC (e.g. in transferring acyl groups modified at the sn-2 position of PC to the sn-1 position of this molecule in plant cells).

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“…Two AAPT genes with a dual specificity are encoded in the A. thaliana genome . Plants with mutations in either aapt1 or aapt2 genes do not present any growth phenotype, whereas the double mutant aapt1aapt2 is embryo‐lethal showing these two enzymes have redundant functions and that the CDP‐Etn and CDP‐Cho pathways are essential for plant development .…”

Section: Mitochondrial Glycerolipid Synthesis In Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycerolipid synthesis and lipid trafficking in plant mitochondria

2016

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Lipid trafficking between mitochondria and other organelles is required for mitochondrial membrane biogenesis and signaling. This lipid exchange occurs by poorly understood nonvesicular mechanisms. In yeast and mammalian cells, this lipid exchange is thought to take place at contact sites between mitochondria and the ER or vacuolar membranes. Some proteins involved in the tethering between membranes or in the transfer of lipids in mitochondria have been identified. However, in plants, little is known about the synthesis of mitochondrial membranes. Mitochondrial membrane biogenesis is particularly important and noteworthy in plants as the lipid composition of mitochondrial membranes is dramatically changed during phosphate starvation and other stresses. This review focuses on the principal pathways involved in the synthesis of the most abundant mitochondrial glycerolipids in plants and the lipid trafficking that is required for plant mitochondria membrane biogenesis.

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Role of Aminoalcoholphosphotransferases 1 and 2 in Phospholipid Homeostasis in Arabidopsis

Cited by 53 publications

References 35 publications

Mechanisms of Phosphorus Acquisition and Lipid Class Remodeling under P Limitation in a Marine Microalga

Mechanisms of Phosphorus Acquisition and Lipid Class Remodeling under P Limitation in a Marine Microalga

Cloning of Glycerophosphocholine Acyltransferase (GPCAT) from Fungi and Plants

Glycerolipid synthesis and lipid trafficking in plant mitochondria

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