Role of amphiphilic dopants on the shape and properties of electrically conducting polyaniline‐clay nanocomposite

Abstract

The role of functionality and rigidity of the amphiphilic dopants on the morphology and electrical property of the polyaniline-clay nanocomposites (PANICNs) were studied by preparing polyaniline (PANI) and PANICNs using five structurally different amphiphilic dopants having backbone-phenyl, naphthyl, alicyclic, and alkyl groups. Effect of the size and functionality of the dopant on the extent of intercalation/exfoliation, morphology, thermal stability, and phase transitions were studied. PANICNs exhibited different morphologies such as nano/ micro granules, rods, nanotubes, aggregated layers/clusters, and rice grain for PANICN-2,6-naphthalene sulphonic acid, PANICN-para-toluene sulphonic acid, PANICN-stearic acid, PANICN-dodecyl benzene sulphonic acid, and PANICN-camphor sulphonic acid, respectively. X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, and scanning electron microscopic studies showed that the self-assembled nano/ microstured aggregates were formed by the combined effect of many noncovalent interactions such as phenylphenyl stacking, hydrogen bonding, ion-dipole interaction, p-p stacking, and electrostatic layer-by-layer self-assembling.

Design of a nanostructured electromagnetic polyaniline–keggin iron–clay composite modified electrochemical sensor for the nanomolar detection of ascorbic acid

“…Fresh sample solutions were used for each experiment. 3‐PDPSA and PIC were prepared as reported elsewhere …”

“…Block copolymers and surfactants have been reported as stabilizing agents for controlling the size and shape of nanoparticles by capping mechanism . We also observed the formation of nanostructured/microstructured PANI and PANI–clay nanocomposites with amphiphilic dopants developed from cashew nut shell liquid, which played the multiple roles of micellar template, structure‐directing agent, dopant, intercalating agent, and more . Earlier, our group prepared a polyaniline–Keggin iron–clay (PPICS) composite using 3‐pentadecyl phenol‐4‐sulfonic acid (3‐PDPSA) as an amphiphilic dopant and blended it with polycarbonate for electromagnetic interference shielding applications .…”

Application of conductive polymers, scaffolds and electrical stimulation for nerve tissue engineering

“…For example, strong inorganic hydrochloric acid (HCl), organic and aromatic acids containing different aromatic substitution, such as ptoluene sulphonic acid (PTSA), dodecylbenzenesulphonic acid (DBSA), organic and aliphatic acids having a long hydrocarbon chain, such as lauric acid (LA) and amphiphilic dopants that belong to the family of sulphonic acids have been used as dopants for PANI. The properties of doped conductive polymers depend on the type and molecular size of the dopant (Sinha et al, 2009;Reena et al, 2009). Liu et al (1994) showed that the surface energies of the doped conducting polymers vary greatly, depending on the choice of the dopants and doping level.…”

Nanostructured polyaniline-polytitanate-clay composite for photocatalytic applications: preparation and properties

“…In both PPC and PPTC, the third band is red shifted to 809 nm and 812 nm, respectively due to the presence of delocalized polarons arising from the confined environment of nanoclay layers. 37 Here, the nanoclay layers not only eliminate the interaction of different PANI chains, but also limit the contraction of the chains. Thus in PPTC, PANI is in a more expanded conformation 38 and there is strong interaction between PANI chains and PHT nanoparticles.…”