Role of annexin A2 in cellular entry of rabbit vesivirus

Abstract

The mechanisms of calicivirus attachment and internalization are not well understood, mainly due to the lack of a reliable cell-culture system for most of its members. In this study, rabbit vesivirus (RaV) virions were shown to bind annexin A2 (ANXA2) in a membrane protein fraction from HEK293T cells, using a virus overlay protein-binding assay and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionization time-of-flight analysis. A monoclonal anti-ANXA2 antibody and small interfering RNAmediated knockdown of ANXA2 expression in HEK293T cells reduced virus infection significantly, further supporting the role of ANXA2 in RaV attachment and/or internalization. INTRODUCTIONCaliciviruses are relevant pathogens in both veterinary and human medicine against which antiviral strategies are sorely lacking. These viruses cause a wide variety of diseases and symptoms, such as gastroenteritis, vesicular lesions, respiratory infections, reproductive failure and haemorrhagic disease (Green et al., 2000;Hoover & Kahn, 1975;Morens et al., 1979;Thiel & Konig, 1999). The family Caliciviridae comprises non-enveloped virions of 35 nm in diameter, with a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genome of 7. 4-8.3 kb (Kapikian et al., 1996). This family has four accepted genera, Lagovirus, Norovirus, Sapovirus and Vesivirus (Green et al., 2000), and two putative novel genera, Becovirus (Oliver et al., 2006) and Recovirus (Farkas et al., 2008), which have recently been proposed.Studies on the replication of most caliciviruses have been hampered severely by the lack of a reliable cell-culture system. More recently, cell-culture systems have been developed for some caliciviruses such as porcine enteric calicivirus (Parwani et al., 1991), murine norovirus 1 (Wobus et al., 2004) and human noroviruses (Straub et al., 2007). Human noroviruses can also be recovered from cell cultures using reverse genetics approaches (Asanaka et al., 2005; Guix et al., 2007). In contrast, most of the members of the genus Vesivirus can be propagated readily in cell culture. Rabbit vesivirus (RaV) has been characterized in our laboratory as a putative novel member of the genus Vesivirus. RaV was isolated from young rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) showing signs of diarrhoea and was grown in cell culture (Martín-Alonso et al., 2005).Viral infection usually starts with the binding of virus particles to specific receptor molecules on the host-cell surface. Several cellular factors have been shown to be critical in calicivirus entry, including a2,6-linked sialic acid present on N-linked glycoproteins (Stuart & Brown, 2007) and ABH histo-blood group antigens (Hutson et al., 2002;Marionneau et al., 2002). In addition, feline functional adhesion molecule 1 (fJAM-1) was recently identified as a functional receptor for feline calicivirus (FCV) (Makino et al., 2006).In this study, we developed a virus overlay protein-binding assay (VOPBA) in an attempt to identify cell-surface proteins that interact with RaV and which might be involved in virus attachment and/or penetration. The VOPBA ...

Plasminogen promotes influenza A virus replication through an annexin 2-dependent pathway in the absence of neuraminidase

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GHSC70 Is Involved in the Cellular Entry of Nervous Necrosis Virus

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Role of Annexin A2 in the Production of Infectious Hepatitis C Virus Particles

“…ANXA2 is incorporated into cytomegalovirus (65) and influenza virus (29) particles, promotes the entry of a calicivirus (16) and of human cytomegalovirus (46), and plays a role in HIV-1 assembly (21,49) and bluetongue virus release (5). In the case of HIV-1, gag is targeted to lipid rafts by PIP2 (41) and interacts with ANXA2 in macrophages to facilitate viral assembly (21,49).…”