Role of Antimicrobial Peptides in Treatment and Prevention of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis: A Review

Mehta, Kanchan; Sharma, Prince; Mujawar, Shama; Vyas, Ashish

doi:10.1007/s10989-022-10435-9

Cited by 18 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…However, thus far, only a handful of AMPs (from more than three thousand discovered) have been approved for frank clinical usage by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and the best-studied ones are gramicidins, polymyxins, and nisins [ 125 , 126 ] ( Figure 7 ). Gramicidins were in restricted use for applications such as infections of surface wounds and the upper respiratory system [ 127 ]; conversely, polymyxins can be used not only for treating ocular infections but also for gastrointestinal infections and systemic infections caused by antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacterial agents [ 128 ].…”

Section: Clinical Application Of Ampsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A cationic fraction of human lactoferricin, known as hLF1-11, is proposed for intravenous usage in immunocompromised recipients of stem cell transplants for treating both bacterial and fungal infections (NCT00509938) [ 126 , 135 ]. Many other AMPs are in development specifically for fungal diseases; one notable example is a cationic peptide novexatin (generated from defensins) for treating fungal toe infections, while a dimeric peptide CZEN-002 derived from melanocyte-stimulating hormone is another addition to the treatment armamentarium against vaginal candidiasis, an important clinical entity within the vaginitis syndrome [ 126 ]. Under clinical trials, there is also POL7080 (Protegrin I) in intravenous infusion for lower respiratory tract infections (NCT02096328) and SPAC-113 (human histatin-3) as a mouth rinse for oral candidiasis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) [ 126 , 136 , 137 ].…”

Section: Clinical Application Of Ampsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antimicrobial Peptides—Mechanisms of Action, Antimicrobial Effects and Clinical Applications

et al. 2022

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The growing emergence of antimicrobial resistance represents a global problem that not only influences healthcare systems but also has grave implications for political and economic processes. As the discovery of novel antimicrobial agents is lagging, one of the solutions is innovative therapeutic options that would expand our armamentarium against this hazard. Compounds of interest in many such studies are antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which actually represent the host’s first line of defense against pathogens and are involved in innate immunity. They have a broad range of antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, fungi, and viruses, with specific mechanisms of action utilized by different AMPs. Coupled with a lower propensity for resistance development, it is becoming clear that AMPs can be seen as emerging and very promising candidates for more pervasive usage in the treatment of infectious diseases. However, their use in quotidian clinical practice is not without challenges. In this review, we aimed to summarize state-of-the-art evidence on the structure and mechanisms of action of AMPs, as well as to provide detailed information on their antimicrobial activity. We also aimed to present contemporary evidence of clinical trials and application of AMPs and highlight their use beyond infectious diseases and potential challenges that may arise with their increasing availability.

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Section: Clinical Application Of Ampsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Clinical Application Of Ampsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Peptides—Mechanisms of Action, Antimicrobial Effects and Clinical Applications

et al. 2022

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“…AMPs have been shown to act as antimicrobial compounds alone or in combination with other drugs [ 108 , 109 , 110 , 111 ]. In general terms, they are cationic with less than 50 amino acid residues.…”

Section: Novel Treatment To Overcome Antibiotic Resistance Against ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic Resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Potential Use of Natural and Biological Products as Alternative Anti-Mycobacterial Agents

et al. 2022

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Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). TB treatment is based on the administration of three major antibiotics: isoniazid, rifampicin, and pyrazinamide. However, multi-drug resistant (MDR) Mtb strains are increasing around the world, thus, allowing TB to spread around the world. The stringent response is demonstrated by Mtb strains in order to survive under hostile circumstances, even including exposure to antibiotics. The stringent response is mediated by alarmones, which regulate bacterial replication, transcription and translation. Moreover, the Mtb cell wall contributes to the mechanism of antibiotic resistance along with efflux pump activation and biofilm formation. Immunity over the course of TB is managed by M1-macrophages and M2-macrophages, which regulate the immune response against Mtb infection, with the former exerting inflammatory reactions and the latter promoting an anti-inflammatory profile. T helper 1 cells via secretion of interferon (IFN)-gamma, play a protective role in the course of TB, while T regulatory cells secreting interleukin 10, are anti-inflammatory. Alternative therapeutic options against TB require further discussion. In view of the increasing number of MDR Mtb strains, attempts to replace antibiotics with natural and biological products have been object of intensive investigation. Therefore, in this review the anti-Mtb effects exerted by probiotics, polyphenols, antimicrobial peptides and IFN-gamma will be discussed. All the above cited compounds are endowed either with direct antibacterial activity or with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating characteristics.

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“…Researchers have found that increasing tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha levels can impede the spread of Mtb and the formation of granulomas. The granuloma is a hallmark TB pathology that traps the mycobacterium inside its walls, preventing it from reproducing . This structure is characterized by the presence of foam cells, which are formed from permanently active macrophages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the granuloma may develop a necrotic zone in its center, which makes it easier for the bacteria to disperse into the surrounding lung tissue via aerosols. Individuals with impaired immune systems, such as HIV infection, are at a higher risk of developing active TB. , Therefore, it is critical to maintain a healthy immune system and take appropriate precautions to prevent the spread of TB, such as wearing a mask, practicing good hygiene, and seeking medical treatment if anyone experiences symptoms of tuberculosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overcoming Mycobacterium tuberculosis Drug Resistance: Novel Medications and Repositioning Strategies

Sachan,

Mistry,

Dholaria

et al. 2023

ACS Omega

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Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacterium responsible for tuberculosis, is a global health concern, affecting millions worldwide. This bacterium has earned a reputation as a formidable adversary due to its multidrug-resistant nature, allowing it to withstand many antibiotics. The development of this drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis is attributed to innate and acquired mechanisms. In the past, rifampin was considered a potent medication for treating tuberculosis infections. However, the rapid development of resistance to this drug by the bacterium underscores the pressing need for new therapeutic agents. Fortunately, several other medications previously overlooked for tuberculosis treatment are already available in the market. Moreover, several innovative drugs are under clinical investigation, offering hope for more effective treatments. To enhance the effectiveness of these drugs, it is recommended that researchers concentrate on identifying unique target sites within the bacterium during the drug development process. This strategy could potentially circumvent the issues presented by Mycobacterium drug resistance. This review primarily focuses on the characteristics of novel drug resistance mechanisms in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It also discusses potential medications being repositioned or sourced from novel origins. The ultimate objective of this review is to discover efficacious treatments for tuberculosis that can successfully tackle the hurdles posed by Mycobacterium drug resistance.

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Role of Antimicrobial Peptides in Treatment and Prevention of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis: A Review

Cited by 18 publications

References 96 publications

Antimicrobial Peptides—Mechanisms of Action, Antimicrobial Effects and Clinical Applications

Antimicrobial Peptides—Mechanisms of Action, Antimicrobial Effects and Clinical Applications

Antibiotic Resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Potential Use of Natural and Biological Products as Alternative Anti-Mycobacterial Agents

Overcoming Mycobacterium tuberculosis Drug Resistance: Novel Medications and Repositioning Strategies

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