Role of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) in Salinity Tolerance and Growth Response in Plants Under Salt Stress Conditions

Diverse Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) Communities Colonize Plants Inhabiting a Constructed Wetland for Wastewater Treatment

“…According to the review published by Xu et al [5], mycorrhizal colonization has been found in 99 families of wetland plants, and their role on the composition and diversity of wetland plant communities in some cases have been demonstrated. The prominent effect of AMF on plant development in terrestrial environments under various stress conditions, including salinity [6,7] and drought [8], and their capacity to promote the biodegradation of organic pollutants [9] or the phytoremediation of inorganic ones [10,11], is well recognized. However, the diversity of AMF in aquatic and wetland plants is still poorly recognized.…”

Improving plant growth and alleviating photosynthetic inhibition from salt stress using AMF in alfalfa seedlings

“…Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) acquire energy by infecting the roots of host plants (Campos-Soriano and Segundo 2011 ), and rely on the host plants to complete their life cycle (Borde et al 2017). However, AMF also promotes the growth of host plants by promoting the uptake of nutrients (Karagiannidis et al 2002;Evelin et al 2009) and water (Hodge et al 2009;Polcyn et al 2019) by the host plants, which are mutually beneficial to the plant and fungi.…”

Effects of Salinity and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) on Root Growth Development and Productivity of Chia (Salvia hispanica L.), a Promising Salt-Tolerant Crop, Under Mediterranean Conditions

“…Natural (or primary) processes include weathering of parent rocks, deposition from seawater, and atmospheric deposition. Anthropogenic (or secondary) processes include the excessive application of chemical fertilizers, the use of groundwater for irrigation, flood irrigation practices, and improper cultural methods in irrigated agriculture (Borde et al 2017). In addition, growing annual plants with shallow root systems instead of deep-rooted perennial flora are raising the water table leading to the rise of saline groundwater (FAO 2015).…”

“…Salinity could reduce the photosynthetic rate, decrease enzyme activity, reduce stomatal conductivity, induce ion deficiency, affect the membrane stability index, and reduce the relative water content of plants (Talaat and Shawky 2011). Moreover, some other factors such as physiological drought, ion toxicity, ion imbalance, and soil compaction could cause growth reduction (Borde et al 2017). Salinity also influences the normal growth of the plant by causing the injury of foliage and nutrient deficiencies, lowering soil properties and nitrate content, and inhibiting carbonic anhydrase and nitrate reductase activities (Talaat and Shawky 2011).…”

“…Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is a special type of symbiotic fungus that forms a symbiotic, non-pathogenic relationship with the roots of 80% land plants (Hameed et al 2014). AMF is widely distributed in the saline land of a terrestrial ecosystem (Borde et al 2017). This symbiotic relationship increases the tolerance of host plants to salinity stress by providing nutrient uptake, and the selective absorption of ion leads to ion balance during stress conditions (Hameed et al 2014).…”