Role of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Uptake of Phosphorus and Nitrogen From Soil

George, Eckhard; Marschner, H.; Jakobsen, Iver

doi:10.3109/07388559509147412

Cited by 317 publications

(159 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Roots growing in the presence of low levels of nutrients displayed higher nitrogen uptake capacities on a root weight basis, in agreement with the majority of studies (Bloom et al 1993;Crawford 1995). This is due to an increase in the number of transporters per unit root area in the presence of low concentrations of nutrients (Bloom et al 1993;George et al 1995). The higher nitrate uptake rates observed for the elongation and younger zone (yellow parts of the root) of the mycorrhizal plants grown with low levels of nutrients may be due to the presence of the fungi, since these areas have the highest rates of AM colonisation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Functional aspects of root architecture and mycorrhizal inoculation with respect to nutrient uptake capacity

Cruz

Green²,

Watson³

et al. 2003

Mycorrhiza

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The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) colonisation on root morphology and nitrogen uptake capacity of carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) under high and low nutrient conditions. The experimental design was a factorial arrangement of presence/absence of mycorrhizal fungus inoculation (Glomus intraradices) and high/low nutrient status. Percent AM colonisation, nitrate and ammonium uptake capacity, and nitrogen and phosphorus contents were determined in 3-month-old seedlings. Grayscale and colour images were used to study root morphology and topology, and to assess the relation between root pigmentation and physiological activities. AM colonisation lead to a higher allocation of biomass to white and yellow parts of the root. Inorganic nitrogen uptake capacity per unit root length and nitrogen content were greatest in AM colonised plants grown under low nutrient conditions. A better match was found between plant nitrogen content and biomass accumulation, than between plant phosphorus content and biomass accumulation. It is suggested that the increase in nutrient uptake capacity of AM colonised roots is dependent both on changes in root morphology and physiological uptake potential. This study contributes to an understanding of the role of AM fungi and root morphology in plant nutrient uptake and shows that AM colonisation improves the nitrogen nutrition of plants, mainly when growing at low levels of nutrients.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Functional aspects of root architecture and mycorrhizal inoculation with respect to nutrient uptake capacity

Cruz

Green²,

Watson³

et al. 2003

Mycorrhiza

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show abstract

“…It has been shown that these hyphae actively take up P, N, and several micronutrients (George et al, 1992 ;George, Marschner & Jakobsen, 1995 ;Harrison & van Buuren, 1995 ; which are afterwards transferred to the host plant, thus improving its mineral nutrition. In contrast to the relatively abundant information on morphogenesis and hyphal cytology of the intraradical phase, little is known about the specific features of the extraradical mycelium of AM fungi.…”

Section: mentioning

confidence: 99%

Branched absorbing structures (BAS): a feature of the extraradical mycelium of symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

et al. 1998

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The present work describes the morphogenesis and cytological characteristics of ' branched absorbing structures ' (BAS, formely named arbuscule-like structures, ALS), small groups of dichotomous hyphae formed by the extraradical mycelium of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. Monoxenic cultures of the AM fungus Glomus intraradices Smith & Schenck and tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) roots allowed the continuous, nondestructive study of BAS development. These structures were not observed in axenic cultures of the fungus under different nutritional conditions or in unsuccessful (asymbiotic) monoxenic cultures. However, extraradical mycelium of G. intraradices formed BAS immediately after fungal penetration of the host root and establishment of the symbiosis. The average BAS development time was 7 d under our culture conditions, after which they degenerated, becoming empty septate structures. Certain BAS were closely associated with spore formation, appearing at the spore's substending hypha. Branches of these spore-associated BAS (spore-BAS) usually formed spores. Electron microscopy studies revealed that BAS and arbuscules show several ultrastructural similarities. The possible role of BAS in nutrient uptake by the mycorrhizal plant is discussed.

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“…To investigate the capacity of the extramatrical mycelium to transport N and P to the plant over a longer period, and to assess its role in growth stimulation of the host plant, a cultivation method is required that separates hyphae from the mycorrhizal roots (Marschner & Dell, 1994 ;George, Marschner & Jakobsen, 1995). This can be achieved by using culture vessels where hyphae are separated from the roots by a nylon net, and isolation of the hyphal contribution is attained by mass flow barriers such as air gaps, buffer compartments or perforated plastic barriers.…”

Section: mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen and phosphorus acquisition by the mycelium of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Paxillus involutus and its effect on host nutrition

et al. 1998

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The contribution of the extramatrical mycelium to N and P nutrition of mycorrhizal Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) was investigated. Seedlings either inoculated with Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr. or non-mycorrhizal were grown in a two compartment sand culture system where hyphae were separated from roots by a 45 µm nylon net. Nutrient solution of the hyphal compartment contained either 1n8 m NH % + and 0n18 m H # PO % − or no N and P. Aluminium added to the hyphal compartment as a tracer of mass flow was not detected in the plant compartment, indicating that measurements of N and P transfer by the mycelium were not biased by solute movement across the nylon net.The addition of N and P to the hyphal compartment markedly increased dry weight, N and P concentration and N and P content of mycorrhizal plants. Calculating uptake from the difference in input and output of nutrient in solution confirmed a hyphal contribution of 73 % and 76 % to total N and P uptake, respectively. Hyphal growth was increased at the site of nutrient solution input.

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Role of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Uptake of Phosphorus and Nitrogen From Soil

Cited by 317 publications

References 70 publications

Functional aspects of root architecture and mycorrhizal inoculation with respect to nutrient uptake capacity

Functional aspects of root architecture and mycorrhizal inoculation with respect to nutrient uptake capacity

Branched absorbing structures (BAS): a feature of the extraradical mycelium of symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Nitrogen and phosphorus acquisition by the mycelium of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Paxillus involutus and its effect on host nutrition

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