Role of Autophagy in Angiogenesis Induced by a High-Glucose Condition in RF/6A Cells

Abstract

Purpose: To study the effect of autophagy on vitality, migration, and tube formation of RF/6A cells under the condition of <smlcap>D</smlcap>-glucose. Methods: Cultured RF/6A cells were randomly divided into 4 groups (control, low glucose, high glucose, and high glucose with 3-methyladenine [3-MA]). Autophagy-related proteins (Atg7, p62, and LC3) were monitored. Cell vitality, cell migration, tube formation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and apoptosis were assessed. Results: Cell vitality significantly decreased and cell migration and tube formation significantly increased in the high-glucose group (p < 0.05). Pretreatment with 3-MA significantly increased cell viability and inhibited cell migration and tube formation (p < 0.05). ROS production increased in the high-glucose group and decreased in the high-glucose with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) group (p < 0.05). The level of apoptosis increased in the high-glucose group, while it was reduced in the high-glucose with 3-MA group. Conclusion: Autophagy maybe participates in the formation of retinal neovascularization induced by high glucose.

Manipulation of autophagy: a novelly potential therapeutic strategy for retinal neovascularization

“…Besides, autophagy level in the hypoxia+ 3-MA group was still higher than that of the control group because autophagy maintained at a basic level for the controls. As 3-MA was reported to function only when activation of cell autophagy occurs, the 3-MA alone group was not set for detecting autophagy activation and cell migration and tube formation in RVECs under hypoxia [ 28 – 30 ].…”

Sustained High Levels of Both Total and High Molecular Weight Adiponectin in Plasma during the Convalescent Phase of Haemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome Are Associated with Disease Severity

“…From fever onset, the elevation rate of the total APN levels was 1.46-fold more than that of HMW APN. Oligomerisation is a significant determinant of flux across endothelial monolayers, as LMW APN is preferentially transported, and the rapid increase in absolute quantity of total APN in the plasma seems more effective at controlling fulminant inflammation [16, 17, 42]. From the febrile/hypotensive stage to the diuretic/convalescent stage, the elevation rate of the HMW APN levels was 1.63-fold more than that of total APN.…”

“…Regarding the role of APN in promoting revascularisation and immunomodulation, we hypothesised that APN is involved in the pathogenesis of HFRS. Du et al have studied changes in the total APN level in the plasma of patients with HFRS and found that total APN was elevated and associated with disease severity [16]. Interestingly, HMW APN has the highest binding activity, which is considered the most physiologically active form [9, 17].…”

Distinct role of autophagy on angiogenesis: highlights on the effect of autophagy in endothelial lineage and progenitor cells

“…Interestingly, chloroquine as a pharmacological autophagy inhibitor could synergize the sunitinib anti-cancer effect by limiting angiogenic capacity probably through upregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase, increased reactive nitrogen species production, and an increase of anti-oxidant capacity [ 166 ]. Moreover, starvation-induced autophagy in cultured BAECs triggered the cell migration and in vitro angiogenesis by activating of VEGF and AKT protein while the use of Atg-5 siRNA reversed the autophagy pro-angiogenic effects on BAECs [ 167 ]. It is noteworthy that retinal ECs have a contradictory behavior in comparison with ECs of peripheral vessels.…”

“…It is noteworthy that retinal ECs have a contradictory behavior in comparison with ECs of peripheral vessels. In RF/6A cell line, autophagy as a positive regulator contributed to the hypoxia or high glucose-induced neovascularization under different stress conditions [ 167 , 168 ] (Fig. 3 ).…”