Role of autophagy in lung diseases and ageing

Zhang, Yan; Zhang, Jin; Fu, Zhiling

doi:10.1183/16000617.0134-2022

Cited by 19 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 145 publications

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“…During the process of lysosome-dependent autophagy, damaged organelles, aggregated proteins, and degraded cytoplasmic debris accumulate within autophagic vacuoles ( Gao et al ., 2022 ; Zhang et al ., 2022 ). Autophagy has been recognized to play roles in the regulatory and developmental phases of lung damage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In healthy lung tissue, mTOR activation occurs, leading to the downregulation of LC3 II, an autophagy-related protein. However, in cases of lung damage, human bronchial epithelial cells exhibit upregulated LC3 II expression along with mTOR downregulation ( Zhang et al ., 2022 ). Notably, the downregulation of phosphorylated mTOR (p-mTOR) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is observed when TLR4 or MyD88 is knocked down.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Autophagy, a crucial lysosome-dependent mechanism that contributes to cellular homeostasis, has been connected to protein aggregation, organelle impairment, and the clearance of intracellular pathogens ( Gao et al ., 2022 ). Furthermore, autophagy’s implications in lung-related conditions underscore its significance in managing pulmonary disorders ( Zhang et al ., 2022 ). Consequently, inhibiting TLR4 activation and autophagy may hold therapeutic promise for addressing pulmonary damage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Therapeutic Effects of (+)-Afzelechin on Particulate Matter-Induced Pulmonary Injury

Cho,

Park,

Bae

2024

Biomol Ther (Seoul)

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Particulate matter (PM) constitutes a hazardous blend of organic and inorganic particles that poses health risks. Inhalation of fine airborne PM with a diameter of ≤ 2.5 μm (PM 2.5 ) can lead to significant lung impairments. (+)-afzelechin (AZC), a natural compound sourced from Bergenia ligulata, boasts a range of attributes, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, and cardiovascular effects. However, knowledge about the therapeutic potential of AZC for patients with PM 2.5 -induced lung injuries remains limited. Thus, in this study, we investigated the protective attributes of AZC against lung damage caused by PM 2.5 exposure. AZC was administered to the mice 30 min after intratracheal instillation of PM 2.5 . Various parameters, such as changes in lung tissue wet/dry (W/D) weight ratio, total protein/total cell ratio, lymphocyte counts, levels of inflammatory cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), vascular permeability, and histology, were evaluated in mice exposed to PM 2.5 . Data demonstrated that AZC mitigated lung damage, reduced W/D weight ratio, and curbed hyperpermeability induced by PM 2.5 exposure. Furthermore, AZC effectively lowered plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines produced by PM 2.5 exposure. It reduced the total protein concentration in BALF and successfully alleviated PM 2.5 -induced lymphocytosis. Additionally, AZC substantially diminished the expression levels of Toll-like receptors 4 (TLR4), MyD88, and autophagy-related proteins LC3 II and Beclin 1. In contrast, it elevated the protein phosphorylation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Consequently, the anti-inflammatory attribute of AZC positions it as a promising therapeutic agent for mitigating PM 2.5 -induced lung injuries by modulating the TLR4–MyD88 and mTOR–autophagy pathways.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Therapeutic Effects of (+)-Afzelechin on Particulate Matter-Induced Pulmonary Injury

Cho,

Park,

Bae

2024

Biomol Ther (Seoul)

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“…A number of studies exploring the roles of autophagy in pulmonary diseases have been reported [ 95 , 105 , 106 ]. These data suggest that autophagy and mitophagy can play both protective as well as detrimental roles in human pulmonary diseases, in a cell type-specific manner [ 107 , 108 ].…”

Section: Copd and Autophagy/mitophagymentioning

confidence: 99%

Autophagy/Mitophagy in Airway Diseases: Impact of Oxidative Stress on Epithelial Cells

et al. 2023

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Autophagy is the key process by which the cell degrades parts of itself within the lysosomes. It maintains cell survival and homeostasis by removing molecules (particularly proteins), subcellular organelles, damaged cytoplasmic macromolecules, and by recycling the degradation products. The selective removal or degradation of mitochondria is a particular type of autophagy called mitophagy. Various forms of cellular stress (oxidative stress (OS), hypoxia, pathogen infections) affect autophagy by inducing free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation to promote the antioxidant response. Dysfunctional mechanisms of autophagy have been found in different respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) and asthma, involving epithelial cells. Several existing clinically approved drugs may modulate autophagy to varying extents. However, these drugs are nonspecific and not currently utilized to manipulate autophagy in airway diseases. In this review, we provide an overview of different autophagic pathways with particular attention on the dysfunctional mechanisms of autophagy in the epithelial cells during asthma and COPD. Our aim is to further deepen and disclose the research in this direction to stimulate the develop of new and selective drugs to regulate autophagy for asthma and COPD treatment.

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“…Autophagy is a complex process that is regulated by a series of protein complexes and signaling pathways. In mammals, the core autophagy-related (ATG) genes and their protein products are generally classified into the ULK1 protein kinase complex [28], Vps34-beclin1 class III PI3-kinase complex [29,30], ATG9A transportation system [31,32], ATG12 conjugation system [33], and LC3 conjugation system [34]. Table 2 illustrates the components and role of autophagy complexes participating in the mammalian autophagy machinery.…”

Section: Mammalian Autophagy Machinery and Autophagy-related Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Macroautophagy in Mammalian Male Reproductive Physiology

Kirat

Alahwany

Arisha

et al. 2023

Cells

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Physiologically, autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved and self-degradative process in cells. Autophagy carries out normal physiological roles throughout mammalian life. Accumulating evidence shows autophagy as a mechanism for cellular growth, development, differentiation, survival, and homeostasis. In male reproductive systems, normal spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis need a balance between degradation and energy supply to preserve cellular metabolic homeostasis. The main process of autophagy includes the formation and maturation of the phagophore, autophagosome, and autolysosome. Autophagy is controlled by a group of autophagy-related genes that form the core machinery of autophagy. Three types of autophagy mechanisms have been discovered in mammalian cells: macroautophagy, microautophagy, and chaperone-mediated autophagy. Autophagy is classified as non-selective or selective. Non-selective macroautophagy randomly engulfs the cytoplasmic components in autophagosomes that are degraded by lysosomal enzymes. While selective macroautophagy precisely identifies and degrades a specific element, current findings have shown the novel functional roles of autophagy in male reproduction. It has been recognized that dysfunction in the autophagy process can be associated with male infertility. Overall, this review provides an overview of the cellular and molecular basics of autophagy and summarizes the latest findings on the key role of autophagy in mammalian male reproductive physiology.

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Role of autophagy in lung diseases and ageing

Cited by 19 publications

References 145 publications

Therapeutic Effects of (+)-Afzelechin on Particulate Matter-Induced Pulmonary Injury

Therapeutic Effects of (+)-Afzelechin on Particulate Matter-Induced Pulmonary Injury

Autophagy/Mitophagy in Airway Diseases: Impact of Oxidative Stress on Epithelial Cells

Role of Macroautophagy in Mammalian Male Reproductive Physiology

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