Role of Autophagy in Male Reproductive Processes in Land Plants

Norizuki, Takuya; Minamino, Naoki; Ueda, Takashi

doi:10.3389/fpls.2020.00756

Cited by 18 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…Recent evidence has shown that autophagy is involved in multiple steps of sexual reproduction, depending on plant species, including male gametophyte development and maturation, self-incompatible pollen rejection and pollen germination (Harrison-Lowe and Olsen, 2008; Kurusu et al, 2014; Li et al, 2020; Norizuki et al, 2020; Zhao et al, 2020; Zhou et al, 2021; Macgregor et al, 2022). Nevertheless, the role(s) of canonical autophagy during sexual reproduction in Arabidopsis thaliana is still an enigma since almost all of the autophagy-defective Arabidopsis mutants such as atg2 , atg5 and atg7 exhibit normal life cycles without any deleterious phenotypes during fertilization, embryogenesis and seed formation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ATG5- and ATG7-mediated autophagy regulates pollen tube guidance and male fertility in Arabidopsis thaliana

He¹,

Du²,

Yang³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Autophagy functions as a crucial cellular scavenger by targeting cytoplasmic cargo to specific lysosome/vacuole for degradation. Autophagy-related (ATG) core proteins including ATG5 and ATG7 are evolutionarily conserved factors that are spatiotemporally orchestrated to regulate multiple processes of autophagy in yeast, mammalian and plant cells. However, autophagy is believed to be functionally dispensable in Arabidopsis thaliana since severe defects during plant growth, development and reproduction have not been observed in most of the ATG loss-of-function mutants, including atg5 and atg7, under standard cultivation conditions. In this study, we report that autophagy does in fact play roles in regulating pollen tube growth guidance and male fertility in Arabidopsis thaliana. A detailed re-assessment of atg5 and atg7 mutants revealed greatly reduced autophagy activity in germinated pollens and the seed formation within siliques is partially abolished. Next, we demonstrated that both the pollen germination ratio and pollen tube length of the mutants decreased at the beginning of germination by time-lapse tracking of pollen germination in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, we observed occurrences of pollen tube twisting and stacking during their growth towards the ovules. Finally, we found abnormal pollen grains containing only a single sperm cell or an undivided generative nucleus. Collectively, these results indicate that ATG5- and ATG7-mediated autophagy is functionally involved in regulating pollen germination, tube growth guidance and sperm cell development in Arabidopsis thaliana.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ATG5- and ATG7-mediated autophagy regulates pollen tube guidance and male fertility in Arabidopsis thaliana

He¹,

Du²,

Yang³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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show abstract

“…Exposure to low temperature promotes the degradation of CO by the HOS1-dependent proteasome and leads to FT inhibition, thereby delaying flowering [ 117 , 118 ]. Autophagy is also required in the tapetal PCD during the development and maturation of pollen, and participates in plant responses to abiotic stresses [ 119 , 120 ]. Moreover, autophagy is also involved in the breakdown of liposomes and the transfer of lipids from tapetum cells to the surface of microspores in rice [ 121 ].…”

Section: The Protective Mechanism Of Antioxidant In Pollen Developmen...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Functions of Redox Signaling in Pollen Development and Stress Response

et al. 2022

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Cellular redox homeostasis is crucial for normal plant growth and development. Each developmental stage of plants has a specific redox mode and is maintained by various environmental cues, oxidants, and antioxidants. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species are the chief oxidants in plant cells and participate in cell signal transduction and redox balance. The production and removal of oxidants are in a dynamic balance, which is necessary for plant growth. Especially during reproductive development, pollen development depends on ROS-mediated tapetal programmed cell death to provide nutrients and other essential substances. The deviation of the redox state in any period will lead to microspore abortion and pollen sterility. Meanwhile, pollens are highly sensitive to environmental stress, in particular to cell oxidative burst due to its peculiar structure and function. In this regard, plants have evolved a series of complex mechanisms to deal with redox imbalance and oxidative stress damage. This review summarizes the functions of the main redox components in different stages of pollen development, and highlights various redox protection mechanisms of pollen in response to environmental stimuli. In continuation, we also discuss the potential applications of plant growth regulators and antioxidants for improving pollen vigor and fertility in sustaining better agriculture practices.

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“…Autophagy is involved in male gametogenesis in mammals and bryophytes (Norizuki et al, 2020), but their roles seem to diverge. Mice defective in autophagy exhibit defects in the reorganization of microtubules and organelles, and similar effects have also been reported in the moss P. patens (Huang et al, 2021;Sanchez-Vera et al, 2017;Shang et al, 2016;Wang et al, 2014).…”

Section: Multiple Degradation Systems Mediate Spermiogenesis In M Pol...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Autophagy in Male Reproductive Processes in Land Plants

Cited by 18 publications

References 88 publications

ATG5- and ATG7-mediated autophagy regulates pollen tube guidance and male fertility in Arabidopsis thaliana

ATG5- and ATG7-mediated autophagy regulates pollen tube guidance and male fertility in Arabidopsis thaliana

Functions of Redox Signaling in Pollen Development and Stress Response

Dynamic rearrangement and autophagic degradation of mitochondria during spermiogenesis in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha

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