“…Examples of biologically associated processes that induce barite mineralization include organic matter decomposition in marine settings (e.g., (Dehairs et al, 1980;Dymond et al, 1992)) with marine bacteria possibly providing appropriate microenvironments for barite precipitation (Torres-Crespo et al, 2015), sulfide oxidization by bacteria in sulfidic springs and cold seeps adding sulfate to barium-rich waters (Senko et al, 2004;Stevens et al, 2015), and barium accumulation in diatom extracellular polymeric substances within the continental interior (Bonny and Jones, 2007b). In low barite saturation state environments typical of most aqueous systems, the microenvironments created by microbial biomass or sediment surfaces appear to be essential for heterogeneous precipitation of barite (e.g., (Stevens et al, 2015;Torres-Crespo et al, 2015;Widanagamage et al, 2015). As such, microbiological activities can potentially play two roles in barite deposition: (1) give rise to barite supersaturated microenvironments in otherwise undersaturated fluids, and (2) produce sulfate in the absence of O2 (e.g., phototrophic sulfide oxidation) and/or at rates exceeding those of the abiotic oxidation of sulfide by O2 (e.g., chemolithotrophic sulfide oxidation).…”