Role of bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina) extract in prevention of renal toxicity induced by crude petroleum contaminated diets in rats

Abstract

The efficacy of Vernonia amygdalina against chemical toxicity has attracted attention. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective potentials of Vernonia amygdalina methanol extract (BLME) against petroleum toxicity. Thirty six male albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) were redistributed randomly into six groups of six rats each and fed with growers feed for a period of 30 days according to the following description: Group A = Feed; Group B = Feed + 100 mg kg−1 body weight of BLME; Group C = Feed + 200 mg kg−1 body weight of BLME; Group D = Feed (100 g Feed + 4 mL crude petroleum); Group E = Feed (100 g Feed + 4 mL crude petroleum) + 100 mg kg−1 body weight of BLME; Group F = Feed (100 g Feed + 4 mL crude petroleum) + 200 mg kg−1 body weight of BLME. Animals were sacrificed at the end of the experimental period and the serum and kidney were harvested for biochemical and histological analysis following standard procedures. The data generated were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA). The study revealed that crude petroleum stimulated alterations in kidney dysfunction makers: urea, creatinine and serum electrolytes which were significantly (P < 0.05) ameliorated by BLME administration relative to control. Oxidative stress markers, lipid peroxidation and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant profiles (MDA levels, GSH, Vitamin C. FRAP, CAT, SOD, GPx, GSTs) as well as oxidase enzymes (AO, SO, MO and XO) induced changes by crude petroleum were positively modulated by BLME administration. The study concluded that crude petroleum contaminated diets are injurious to animal health and BLME is able to prevent the renal dysfunction induced by crude petroleum contaminated diets.

Possible Mechanism of Aframomum Sceptrum Extracts Mediated Modulation of Renal Function after Monosodium Glutamate Exposure

“…The dose used for the study, therefore, was a single dose of 4g/g body weight of MSG administered intraperitoneally. This paper is a continuation of our research published earlier to explain the possible underlying mechanism for the observations and reports made by us [21].…”

“…In our earlier report, Ogbeke G.I et al, [21], there was observed a decrease in renal function signified by increased serum urea, creatinine and electrolyte imbalance induced by MSG, while the administration of Aframomum sceptrum contributed to the restoration of these renal malfunctions.…”

“…The details of the plant collection and extraction, monosodium glutamate purchase and preparation have been published earlier [21]. Thus, experimental design and protocol for animal handling was the same as published by us earlier [21]; the dose of MSG was the same as in the study published by Farombi and Onyema [22] who reported negative effects on selected biochemical parameters. The dose used for the study, therefore, was a single dose of 4g/g body weight of MSG administered intraperitoneally.…”

“…At the end of the experimental period, rats were sacrificed via cardiac puncture after which blood and kidney samples collected were prepared as de-scribed in our previous report [21].…”

Effect of Methanolic Extract of Justicia Flava on Petroleum-Induced Reduced Cell Division and DNA Damage

“…Moreover, various substances have been used as counter measures to crude oil toxicities. These substances include various vitamins [21,22,23,24] organic and inorganic substances [9,5,25] and various plant extracts [9,26,27]. A review of literature shows that there is one important plant with a lot of curative ability [27].…”