Role of Bloch waves in baryon-number violating processes

Abstract

In the Bloch-wave approach to estimate the baryon-number-violating scattering cross section in the standard electroweak theory in the laboratory, we clarify the relation between the single sphaleron barrier and multiple (near periodic) sphaleron barrier cases. We explain how a realistic consideration modifies/corrects the idealized Bloch wave and the resonant tunneling approximation. The basic approach is in part analogous to the well-known triple-α process to form carbon in nucleosynthesis.

Probing the Electroweak Sphaleron with Gravitational Waves

“…Previously, the conventional wisdom is that the (B+L)-violating process at zero temperature is difficult to probe at current and near future high energy colliders as the sphaleron induced (B+L)violating process is highly rare [9,[49][50][51][52]. Very recently, the Bloch wave approach was proposed such that there is a chance to observe a (B +L)-violating event at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) [53][54][55][56][57]. 7 The sensitivities of future colliders in the SFOEWPT parameter space (where one can have gravitational wave signal) can be accessed with the measurements of the two couplings (λ hhh and λ hhhh ) at future e + e − colliders and the HL-LHC [58,59].…”

Asymmetric Dark Matter in Baryon Asymmetrical Universe

“…Additionally, an important new perspective on the vacuum structure that determines energy, rate, and/or sphaleron cross-section has been suggested in Refs. [53,55,56]. Namely, a periodicity of the scalar potential [53,56] along the axis of Chern-Simons vacuum numbers allows us to obtain an equation of motion of the Schroedinger type and to solve it, resulting in a wave function (of the Bloch type from solid-state physics).…”

Double and multiple bangs at tau neutrino telescopes: A novel probe of sphalerons with cosmogenic neutrinos

“…The sphaleron process might also be possible for two-particle collisions at nearly zero temperature, when the COM energy can overcome the sphaleron barrier. Though two-particle collisions were thought to be suppressed by the "few-to-many" consideration [107][108][109][110][111][112][113][114][115][116][117], recent studies taking account of the sphaleron periodicity suggest counter results [118][119][120]. While this fundamental issue itself is still under debate, one can instead turn to the high-energy experimental frontiers for the answer [121][122][123][124][125][126][127][128].…”