Role of Calcium Bio-Minerals in Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering

Upadhyay, Ravi Kant

doi:10.15406/jsrt.2017.02.00081

Cited by 16 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…The characterization (XRD, FTIR, SEM and EDS) confirms that HApC and HApS are hydroxyapatite (HAp) and carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHAp) plus ( +) calcite respectively. The lattice constants for HApC and HApS correspond to a unit cell volume of 527.6838Å 3 and 521.3976Å 3 2− could substitute at B-site and or OH-site (A-site) in HAp depending on the thermodynamic conditions and how charges are compensated. For HApS, Ca 2+ was given out for charge compensation, and because CO 3 2− has a smaller ionic size, it is oriented at B-site parallel to the c-axis of the hexagonal unit cell for stability and that results in a reduced unit cell volume.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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XRD and IR revelation of a unique g-C3N4 phase with effects on collagen/hydroxyapatite bone scaffold pore geometry and stiffness

et al. 2020

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Pore geometry (pore size and pore interconnectivity) and stiffness are important design requirements for 3D-scaffold fabrication. The required pore geometry allows the passage of growth factors for cell proliferation and removal of waste products, whereas the stiffness influences attachment of osteogenic cells. This work fabricates a 3D scaffold from collagen (Col) and snail shell hydroxyapatite (HApS) and examines the influence of the HApS on the scaffold pore geometry and stiffness. The scaffolds were fabricated using freeze-drying method. Col alone and Col-commercial hydroxyapatite (Col-HApC) scaffolds were used as controls. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) reveals well-interconnected pores for Col-HApS with a mean pore size of 246.9 ± 68.7 μm, which was statistically (p < 0.05) same as that of Col scaffolds 224.4 ± 85.7 μm and different (p < 0.05) from Col-HApC scaffolds 125.5 ± 26.7 μm. Mechanical testing showed a stiffness of 20.8 ± 0.4 kPa, 181.2 ± 11.8 kPa, and 206.9 ± 14.1 kPa for Col, Col-HApC, and Col-HApS, respectively. Uniquely, X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and Infrared (IR) spectroscopy of Col-HApS revealed phases and functional groups that were comparable to graphitic-like carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4) polymeric structure. It was found that the structural change was responsible for the well-interconnected large pores and high stiffness of the scaffold. It is expected that the effect brings a wide range of functions (such as better cell attachment and nutrient transport) in the scaffold for osteogenesis. The findings indicate that Col-HApS scaffolds would promote osteogenic cell response more usefully than Col-HApC or Col scaffolds.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bone tissue engineering is the field of regenerative medicine where damaged or a diseased bone is repaired by restoring new tissue using engineered scaffolds, stem cells and biomolecules [1][2][3]. The most successful scaffolds are fabricated from biomaterials that imitate the human extracellular matrix (ECM) more successfully [4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

XRD and IR revelation of a unique g-C3N4 phase with effects on collagen/hydroxyapatite bone scaffold pore geometry and stiffness

et al. 2020

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“…15 In most human tissues the volume occupied by cells is substantially smaller compared to the volume of the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM), like in cartilage which contains about 1–2% of cells 16 or calcified bone which comprises about 25% organic matrix (of which 2–5% contributes to cells), 5% water and 70% inorganic mineral. 17 Now, the pressing question emerges, which addresses the fueling of the dynamic and complex ECM with metabolic energy, a space which does not contain ATP-generating mitochondria. Even more, the ECM is, as outlined above, poor in ATP, and if present in this compartment, this nucleotide is exposed to the extracellular or cell membrane-bound alkaline phosphatase (ALP [EC 3.1.3.1]) and the cell membrane glycoprotein-1 phosphodiesterase [EC 3.1.4.1]/nucleotide pyrophosphatase [EC 3.6.1.9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inorganic Polyphosphates As Storage for and Generator of Metabolic Energy in the Extracellular Matrix

2019

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Inorganic polyphosphates (polyP) consist of linear chains of orthophosphate residues, linked by high-energy phosphoanhydride bonds. They are evolutionarily old biopolymers that are present from bacteria to man. No other molecule concentrates as much (bio)chemically usable energy as polyP. However, the function and metabolism of this long-neglected polymer are scarcely known, especially in higher eukaryotes. In recent years, interest in polyP experienced a renaissance, beginning with the discovery of polyP as phosphate source in bone mineralization. Later, two discoveries placed polyP into the focus of regenerative medicine applications. First, polyP shows morphogenetic activity, i.e., induces cell differentiation via gene induction, and, second, acts as an energy storage and donor in the extracellular space. Studies on acidocalcisomes and mitochondria provided first insights into the enzymatic basis of eukaryotic polyP formation. In addition, a concerted action of alkaline phosphatase and adenylate kinase proved crucial for ADP/ATP generation from polyP. PolyP added extracellularly to mammalian cells resulted in a 3-fold increase of ATP. The importance and mechanism of this phosphotransfer reaction for energy-consuming processes in the extracellular matrix are discussed. This review aims to give a critical overview about the formation and function of this unique polymer that is capable of storing (bio)chemically useful energy.

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“…2, Additional le 3). It was obvious that minerals played an important role in biomineral tissue development and skeletal system development [20,21]. We found that other GO functions may also be indirectly related to transcellular transport of ion and minerals (or metals).…”

Section: Kegg Pathway and Go Analysis Of Pm25 Resistance Genesmentioning

confidence: 87%

CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Whole Genomic Wide Knockout Screening Identifies Specific Genes Related to Mineral Absorption Involving in PM2.5 Liver Toxicity

Peng¹,

Yi²,

Wang³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: PM2.5 , also known as fine particles, refers to particulate matter with a dynamic diameter of ≦ 2.5 µm in air pollutants, carrying toxic substances (e.g. heavy metals or minerals), which can pass through the alveolar epithelium and enter the bloodstream and tissues, can have more serious health problems, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the underlying mechanisms for toxic effect of PM2.5 are poorly understood. Results: Here, we subjected L02 cells to expose of PM2.5 and performed a pooled genome‐wide CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/Cas9 (CRISPR-associated protein 9) loss of function screen to discover new potential targets for PM2.5. Enrichr and KEGG were employed to identify candidate genes which might involve in PM2.5 toxicity. We found that ATP1A2(ATPase Na+/K+ transporting subunit alpha 2), MT1M(metallothionein 1M), SLC6A19(solute carrier family 6 member 19) and TRPV6(transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 6) genes contributed to PM2.5 toxicity involving in mineral absorption pathway. Moreover, we demonstrated that these candidate genes deficiency increased the cell viability and attenuated apoptosis in cells explored to PM2.5. Conclusions: ATP1A2, MT1M, SLC6A19 and TRPV6 contribute to PM2.5 toxicity and may be potential therapeutic targets for PM2.5 related diseases.

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Role of Calcium Bio-Minerals in Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering

Cited by 16 publications

References 66 publications

XRD and IR revelation of a unique g-C3N4 phase with effects on collagen/hydroxyapatite bone scaffold pore geometry and stiffness

XRD and IR revelation of a unique g-C3N4 phase with effects on collagen/hydroxyapatite bone scaffold pore geometry and stiffness

Inorganic Polyphosphates As Storage for and Generator of Metabolic Energy in the Extracellular Matrix

CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Whole Genomic Wide Knockout Screening Identifies Specific Genes Related to Mineral Absorption Involving in PM2.5 Liver Toxicity

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